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Aerosol particles experience significant photophoretic forces at low pressure. Previous work assumed the average particle temperature to be very close to the gas temperature. This might not always be the case. If the particle temperature or…
A novel method to determine the density and temperature of a system based on quantum Fermionic fluctuations is generalized to the limit where the reached temperature T is large compared to the Fermi energy {\epsilon}f . Quadrupole and…
We present an exact microcanonical formulation, in the thermodynamic limit, for a system of $N$ noninteracting particles with $p$ equally spaced energy levels $\{0,\epsilon,2\epsilon,\ldots,(p-1)\epsilon\}$. Writing the microcanonical…
A laser beam is often modelled by a pure coherent state. In fact its state is mixed, even if it has coherent-state photon-number statistics (Poissonian), because the phase must vary. We consider such an ideal laser beam, with phase…
The connected system of Boltzman equations for the interacting system of electrons, positrons and photons in high external electric E and arbitrary magnetic H fields is solved. The consideration is made under the conditions of arbitrary…
The hydrogen plasma is studied at temperatures T ~ 10^4 - 10^6 K using the free energy minimization method. A simple analytic free energy model is proposed which is accurate at densities up to 1 g/cc and yields convergent internal partition…
Upconversion of infrared photons is a promising possibility to enhance solar cell efficiency by producing electricity from otherwise unused sub-band-gap photons. We present a rate equation model, and the relevant processes, in order to…
An analytical microscopic theory for the resonant multiple scattering of light by cold atoms with arbitrary internal degeneracy is presented. It permits to calculate the average amplitude and the average intensity for one-photon states of…
A new thermodynamic theory for optical multimode systems is proposed. Theory is based on a weighted Bose-Einstein law, and includes the state equation, the fundamental equation for the entropy and a metric to measure the accuracy of the…
Entanglement temperatures (ET) are a generalization of Unruh temperatures valid for states reduced to any region of space. They encode in a thermal fashion the high energy behavior of the state around a point. These temperatures are…
A number of recent experiments report the low-temperature thermopower $\alpha$ and specific heat coefficients $\gamma=C_V/T$ of strongly correlated electron systems. Describing the charge and heat transport in a thermoelectric by transport…
We formulate a unified definition of the statistical effective temperature (SET) for finite-dimensional classical and quantum systems using dimension-dependent indices of purity derived from the eigenvalue spectrum. This spectral approach…
We derive the exact reduced density matrix for the electrons in an analytically solvable electron-phonon model. Here, the electrons are described as a Luttinger liquid that is coupled to Einstein phonons. We further derive analytical…
A thermodynamic system of non-interacting quantum particles changes its statistical distribution formulas if there is a universal limitation for the size of energetic quantum leaps (magnitude of quantum leaps smaller than Planck energy). By…
We report on an experimental study of photon thermalization and condensation in a semiconductor microresonator in the weak-coupling regime. We measure the dispersion relation of light and the photon mass in a single-wavelength, broad-area…
We introduce axiomatically a complete thermodynamic formalism for a single macromolecule, either with or without detailed balance, in an isothermal ambient fluid based on its stochastic dynamics. With detailed balance, the novel theory…
Er-doped aluminum nitride films, containing different Er concentrations, were obtained at room temperature by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The prepared samples show a nano-columnar microstructure and the size of the…
In the studies of the Bose-Einstein condensation of ideal gases in finite systems, the divergence problem usually arises in the equation of state. In this paper, we present a technique based on the heat kernel expansion and the…
For a plasma with fixed total energy, number of particles, and momentum, the distribution function that maximizes entropy is a Boltzmann distribution. If, in addition, the rearrangement of charge is constrained, as happens on ion-ion…
The equilibrium of dense plasma in a self-gravitation is considered. The obtained results radically distinguish from the point of view which is commonly accepted in the astrophysical society. It is important that all these results were…