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High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) are a major advancement in non-terrestrial networks, offering broad coverage and unique capabilities. They form a vital link between satellite systems and terrestrial networks and play a key role in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Sultan Çoğay , T. Tolga Sari , Muhammad Nadeem Ali , Byung-Seo Kim , Gökhan Seçinti

Conventional high-altitude platforms (HAPs) face challenges in achieving continuous all-weather operation due to intermittent photovoltaic power generation, limited energy storage capacity, and high mission loads resulting from functional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Peng Wang , Eros Kuikel , Jia Ye , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Future 6G networks envision ubiquitous connectivity through space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs), where high-altitude platform stations (HAPSs) and satellites complement terrestrial systems to provide wide-area, low-latency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Pujitha Mamillapalli , Shikhar Verma , Tiago Koketsu Rodrigues , Abhinav Kumar

High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) are emerging as key enablers of future non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), supporting gigabit-class free-space optical (FSO) backhaul links while hosting laser-based sensing payloads. This tutorial and…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-11 Ali Elkhazraji , Mohamed-Slim Alouini , Aamir Farooq

There is a consensus in the literature that cell-switching is a viable solution to tackle the draconian increase in the energy consumption of cellular networks. Although the literature is full of works addressing the energy consumption…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Görkem Berkay Koç , Berk Çiloğlu , Metin Öztürk , Halim Yanikomeroglu

This work evaluates the potential of High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites as alternative or complementary systems to enhance Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. We first analyze the transmission…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jean Michel de Souza Sant'Ana , Felipe Augusto Tondo , Nurul Huda Mahmood , Aamir Mahmood

The rapid growth of radio access networks (RANs) is increasing energy consumption and challenging the sustainability of future systems. We consider a dense-urban vertical heterogeneous network (vHetNet) comprising a high-altitude platform…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-19 Maryam Salamatmoghadasi , Amir Mehrabian , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Georges Kaddoum

To overcome the challenges of ultra-low latency, ubiquitous coverage, and soaring data rates, this article presents a combined use of Near Field Communication (NFC) and Reconfigurable Holographic Surfaces (RHS) for Non-Terrestrial Networks…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Muhammad Ali Jamshed , Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin , Hongliang Zhang , Bushra Haq , Aryan Kaushik , Boya Di , Weiwei Jiang

This paper investigates the integration of active reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) relay with high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) to enhance non-terrestrial network (NTN) performance in next-generation wireless systems. While…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Bilal Karaman , Ilhan Basturk , Ferdi Kara , Metin Ozturk , Sezai Taskin , Halil Yanikomeroglu

This paper describes the envisioned interactions between the information and communication technology and aerospace industries to serve autonomous devices for next generation aerial parcel delivery networks. The autonomous features of fleet…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Halim Yanikomeroglu

Due to their ability to anchor into tall urban landforms, such as lampposts or street lights, robotic aerial base stations (RABSs) can create a hyper-flexible wireless multi-hop heterogeneous network to meet the forthcoming green,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wen Shang , Yuan Liao , Vasilis Friderikos , Halim Yanikomeroglu

While high altitude platform stations (HAPS) have been primarily explored as network infrastructure for communication services, their advantageous characteristics also make them promising candidates for augmenting GNSS localization. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Hongzhao Zheng , Mohamed Atia , Halim Yanikomeroglu

This paper studies a high-altitude platform (HAP) network supported by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). The practical irregular placement of HAPs and RISs is modeled using homogeneous Poisson point processes, while buildings that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Islam M. Tanash , Ayush Kumar Dwivedi , Taneli Riihonen

Terrestrial communication networks mainly focus on users in urban areas but have poor coverage performance in harsh environments, such as mountains, deserts, and oceans. Satellites can be exploited to extend the coverage of terrestrial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Xinran Fang , Wei Feng , Te Wei , Yunfei Chen , Ning Ge , Cheng-Xiang Wang

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) are essential in providing localization and navigation services to most of the world due to their superior coverage. However, due to high pathloss and inevitable atmospheric effect, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-07 Hongzhao Zheng , Mohamed Atia , Halim Yanikomeroglu

The upcoming sixth generation (6G) wireless communication network is envisioned to cover space, air, and maritime areas, in addition to urban-centered terrestrial coverage by the fifth generation (5G) network, to support intelligent…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Wei Feng , Yanmin Wang , Yunfei Chen , Ning Ge , Cheng-Xiang Wang

This paper explores high-altitude platform station (HAPS) systems enabled by integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), in which a HAPS simultaneously transmits communication signals and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging signals to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Xue Zhang , Bang Huang , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

In the future, urban regions will encounter a massive number of capacity-hungry devices. Relying solely on terrestrial networks for serving all UEs will be a cost-ineffective approach. Consequently, with the anticipated supply and demand…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-20 Safwan Alfattani , Animesh Yadav , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Abbas Yongacoglu

Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as user equipment (UE) and base-stations (BSs) into an existing LTE-Advanced heterogeneous network (HetNet) can further enhance wireless connectivity and support emerging services. However, this…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Abhaykumar Kumbhar , Hamidullah Binol , Ismail Guvenc , Kemal Akkaya

Low-altitude wireless networks are increasingly vital for the low-altitude economy, enabling wireless coverage in high-mobility and hard-to-reach environments. However, providing reliable connectivity to sparsely distributed aerial users in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tian Shi , Wenkun Wen , Peiran Wu , Minghua Xia