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Information extraction and textual comprehension from materials literature are vital for developing an exhaustive knowledge base that enables accelerated materials discovery. Language models have demonstrated their capability to answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Mohd Zaki , Jayadeva , Mausam , N. M. Anoop Krishnan

The manual assessment and grading of student writing is a time-consuming yet critical task for teachers. Recent developments in generative AI, such as large language models, offer potential solutions to facilitate essay-scoring tasks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kathrin Seßler , Maurice Fürstenberg , Babette Bühler , Enkelejda Kasneci

Programs are a kind of communication to both computers and people, hence as students are trained to write programs they need to learn to write well-designed, readable code rather than code that simply functions correctly. The difficulty in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-08 J. Walker Orr

Using large language models (LLMs) for automatic evaluation has become an important evaluation method in NLP research. However, it is unclear whether these LLM-based evaluators can be applied in real-world classrooms to assess student…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Cheng-Han Chiang , Wei-Chih Chen , Chun-Yi Kuan , Chienchou Yang , Hung-yi Lee

Cancer clinical trials often face challenges in recruitment and engagement due to a lack of participant-facing informational and educational resources. This study investigated the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically…

This study examines the feasibility and potential advantages of using large language models, in particular GPT-4o, to perform partial credit grading of large numbers of student written responses to introductory level physics problems.…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-21 Zhongzhou Chen , Tong Wan

Ever since Large Language Models (LLMs) and related applications have become broadly available, several studies investigated their potential for assisting educators and supporting students in higher education. LLMs such as Codex, GPT-3.5,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Imen Azaiz , Natalie Kiesler , Sven Strickroth

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, in the field of instructional design. With a focus on scaling evidence-based instructional design expertise, our research aims…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Gautam Yadav

Selecting high-quality pre-training data is important for creating capable language models, but existing methods rely on simple heuristics. We introduce QuRating, a method for selecting pre-training data that can capture human intuitions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Alexander Wettig , Aatmik Gupta , Saumya Malik , Danqi Chen

Knowledge Components (KCs) linked to assessments enhance the measurement of student learning, enrich analytics, and facilitate adaptivity. However, generating and linking KCs to assessment items requires significant effort and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Steven Moore , Robin Schmucker , Tom Mitchell , John Stamper

Generative artificial intelligences, particularly large language models (LLMs), play an increasingly prominent role in human decision-making contexts, necessitating transparency about their capabilities. While prior studies have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lydia Uhler , Verena Jordan , Jürgen Buder , Markus Huff , Frank Papenmeier

Automated feedback as students answer open-ended math questions has significant potential in improving learning outcomes at large scale. A key part of automated feedback systems is an error classification component, which identifies student…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hunter McNichols , Mengxue Zhang , Andrew Lan

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) that can be generated from a domain ontology can significantly reduce human effort & time required for authoring & administering assessments in an e-Learning environment. Even though here are various methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Vinu E. , Tahani Alsubait , P. Sreenivasa Kumar

We analyzed effectiveness of three generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models in answering multiple-choice question (MCQ) assessments, often involving short snippets of code, from introductory and intermediate programming courses at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Jaromir Savelka , Arav Agarwal , Christopher Bogart , Majd Sakr

Grading of examination papers is a hectic, time-labor intensive task and is often subjected to inefficiency and bias in checking. This research project is a primitive experiment in the automation of grading of theoretical answers written in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Rahul Kr Chauhan , Ravinder Saharan , Siddhartha Singh , Priti Sharma

Multiple-choice questions (MCQ) are frequently used to assess large language models (LLMs). Typically, an LLM is given a question and selects the answer deemed most probable after adjustments for factors like length. Unfortunately, LLMs may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Aidar Myrzakhan , Sondos Mahmoud Bsharat , Zhiqiang Shen

We conducted a systematic literature review on automated grading and feedback tools for programming education. We analysed 121 research papers from 2017 to 2021 inclusive and categorised them based on skills assessed, approach, language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Marcus Messer , Neil C. C. Brown , Michael Kölling , Miaojing Shi

Statistical models such as those derived from Item Response Theory (IRT) enable the assessment of students on a specific subject, which can be useful for several purposes (e.g., learning path customization, drop-out prediction). However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Luca Benedetto , Andrea Cappelli , Roberto Turrin , Paolo Cremonesi

This study explores automatic generation (AIG) using language models to create multiple choice questions (MCQs) for morphological assessment, aiming to reduce the cost and inconsistency of manual test development. The study used a two-fold…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Mohammad Amini , Babak Ahmadi , Xiaomeng Xiong , Yilin Zhang , Christopher Qiao

Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan