Related papers: Efficient Treatment Effect Estimation with Out-of-…

This paper focuses on the estimation of distributional treatment effects in randomized experiments that use covariate-adaptive randomization (CAR). These include designs such as Efron's biased-coin design and stratified block randomization,…

To increase statistical efficiency in a randomized experiment, researchers often use stratification (i.e., blocking) in the design stage. However, conventional practices of stratification fail to exploit valuable information about the…

Post-stratification is frequently used to improve the precision of survey estimators when categorical auxiliary information is available from sources outside the survey. In natural resource surveys, such information is often obtained from…

Model performance evaluation is a critical and expensive task in machine learning and computer vision. Without clear guidelines, practitioners often estimate model accuracy using a one-time completely random selection of the data. However,…

Out-of-bag error is commonly used as an estimate of generalisation error in ensemble-based learning models such as random forests. We present confidence intervals for this quantity using the delta-method-after-bootstrap and the…

In this work, we discuss a general class of the estimators for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) based on judgment post stratification (JPS) sampling scheme which includes both empirical and kernel distribution functions.…

Existing weighting methods for treatment effect estimation are often built upon the idea of propensity scores or covariate balance. They usually impose strong assumptions on treatment assignment or outcome model to obtain unbiased…

Randomization, as a key technique in clinical trials, can eliminate sources of bias and produce comparable treatment groups. In randomized experiments, the treatment effect is a parameter of general interest. Researchers have explored the…

Experiments studying get-out-the-vote (GOTV) efforts estimate the causal effect of various mobilization efforts on voter turnout. However, there is often substantial noncompliance in these studies. A usual approach is to use an instrumental…

Given the limitations of using the Cox hazard ratio to summarize the magnitude of the treatment effect, alternative measures that do not have these limitations are gaining attention. One of the recently proposed alternative methods uses the…

Causal inference in a program evaluation setting faces the problem of external validity when the treatment effect in the target population is different from the treatment effect identified from the population of which the sample is…

In many randomized trials, outcomes such as essays or open-ended responses must be manually scored as a preliminary step to impact analysis, a process that is costly and limiting. Model-assisted estimation offers a way to combine surrogate…

Quantitative research in the social and behavioral sciences relies heavily on nonlinear posterior functionals such as indirect effects, standardized coefficients, effect sizes, intraclass correlations, and multilevel variance-explained…

Multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) is a flexible modeling technique that has been used in a broad range of small-area estimation problems. Traditionally, MRP studies have been focused on non-causal settings, where estimating…

This paper develops a unified framework for partial identification and inference in stratified experiments with attrition, accommodating both equal and heterogeneous treatment shares across strata. For equal-share designs, we apply recent…

This paper studies covariate adjusted estimation of the average treatment effect in stratified experiments. We work in a general framework that includes matched tuples designs, coarse stratification, and complete randomization as special…

In observational studies, the recorded treatment assignment is not purely random, but it is influenced by external factors such as patient characteristics, reimbursement policies, and existing guidelines. Therefore, the treatment effect can…

Post-treatment variables often complicate causal inference. They appear in many scientific problems, including noncompliance, truncation by death, mediation, and surrogate endpoint evaluation. Principal stratification is a strategy to…

This paper considers the problem of design-based inference for the average treatment effect in finely stratified experiments. Here, by "design-based'' we mean that the only source of uncertainty stems from the randomness in treatment…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection helps models identify data outside the training categories, crucial for security applications. While feature-based post-hoc methods address this by evaluating data differences in the feature space without…