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The theory of quantum games permits players to choose strategies that prepare and measure quantum states. Whereas conventional game theory provides guarantees for fixed-point stability in non-cooperative games, so-called Nash equilibria, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-13 Faisal Shah Khan , Travis S. Humble

Synthesis of finite-state controllers from high-level specifications in multi-agent systems can be reduced to solving multi-player concurrent games over finite graphs. The complexity of solving such games with qualitative objectives for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Shaull Almagor , Rajeev Alur , Suguman Bansal

In the time since a merger of quantum mechanics and game theory was proposed formally in 1999, the two distinct perspectives apparent in this merger of applying quantum mechanics to game theory, referred to henceforth as the theory of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-06 Faisal Shah Khan , Simon J. D. Phoenix

It is common to assume that agents will adopt Nash equilibrium strategies; however, experimental studies have demonstrated that Nash equilibrium is often a poor description of human players' behavior in unrepeated normal-form games. In this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-17 James R. Wright , Kevin Leyton-Brown

Computing Nash equilibria of zero-sum games in classical and quantum settings is extensively studied. For general-sum games, computing Nash equilibria is PPAD-hard and the computing of a more general concept called correlated equilibria has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Tongyang Li , Xinzhao Wang , Yexin Zhang

Theory of quantum games is a new area of investigation that has gone through rapid development during the last few years. Initial motivation for playing games, in the quantum world, comes from the possibility of re-formulating quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Azhar Iqbal

The game in which acts of participants don't have an adequate description in terms of Boolean logic and classical theory of probabilities is considered. The model of the game interaction is constructed on the basis of a non-distributive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrey Grib , Georges Parfionov

We prove the existence of Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (BNE) of general-sum Bayesian games with continuous types and finite actions under the conditions that the utility functions and the prior type distributions are continuous concerning the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Linan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

A new game theoretical solution concept for open spectrum sharing in cognitive radio (CR) environments is presented, the Lorenz equilibrium (LE). Both Nash and Pareto solution concepts have limitations when applied to real world problems.…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2013-04-08 Ligia Cremene , D. Dumitrescu

Wide machine learning tasks can be formulated as non-convex multi-player games, where Nash equilibrium (NE) is an acceptable solution to all players, since no one can benefit from changing its strategy unilaterally. Attributed to the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Guanpu Chen , Gehui Xu , Fengxiang He , Yiguang Hong , Leszek Rutkowski , Dacheng Tao

In a recent paper, Eisert et al. presented a quantum mechanical generalization of Prisoner's Dilemma. They asserted that the maximally entangled game exhibits a unique Nash equilibrium which yields a pay-off equivalent to cooperative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon C. Benjamin , Patrick M. Hayden

In another paper with the same name\cite{frame}, we proposed a new representation of Game Theory, but most results are given by specific examples and argument. In this paper, we try to prove the conclusions as far as we can, including a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jinshan Wu

This paper investigates the problem of computing the equilibrium of competitive games, which is often modeled as a constrained saddle-point optimization problem with probability simplex constraints. Despite recent efforts in understanding…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-23 Shicong Cen , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi

The interplay between exploration and exploitation in competitive multi-agent learning is still far from being well understood. Motivated by this, we study smooth Q-learning, a prototypical learning model that explicitly captures the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Stefanos Leonardos , Georgios Piliouras , Kelly Spendlove

Nash equilibria are crucial for understanding game behavior and systems in economics, physics, biology, and computer science. A significant application arises from the connection between Nash equilibria and optimization problems . However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Giovanni Ferrannini , Dario di Gregorio , Federico Fissore

This paper investigates Nash equilibria in pure strategies for quantum approach to the Prisoner's Dilemma. The quantization process involves extending the classical game by introducing two additional unitary strategies. We consider five…

Games with incomplete preferences are an important model for studying rational decision-making in scenarios where players face incomplete information about their preferences and must contend with incomparable outcomes. We study the problem…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Abhishek N. Kulkarni , Jie Fu , Ufuk Topcu

The game in which acts of participants don't have an adequate description in terms of Boolean logic and classical theory of probabilities is considered. The model of the game interaction is constructed on the basis of a non-distributive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrey Grib , Georges Parfionov

A systematic theory is introduced that describes stochastic effects in game theory. In a biological context, such effects are relevant for the evolution of finite populations with frequency-dependent selection. They are characterized by…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Lassig

A quantum financial approach to finite games of strategy is addressed, with an extension of Nash's theorem to the quantum financial setting, allowing for an entanglement of games of strategy with two-period financial allocation problems…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2012-02-10 Carlos Pedro Gonçalves