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Encrypted traffic classification aims to identify applications or services by analyzing network traffic data. One of the critical challenges is the continuous emergence of new applications, which generates Out-of-Distribution (OOD) traffic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zihao Wang , Wei Peng , Junming Zhang , Jian Li , Wenxin Fang

The deployment of neural networks in vehicle platforms and wearable Artificial Intelligence-of-Things (AIOT) scenarios has become a research area that has attracted much attention. With the continuous evolution of deep learning technology,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Mingke Xiao , Yue Su , Liang Yu , Guanglong Qu , Yutong Jia , Yukuan Chang , Xu Zhang

This paper proposes a machine learning-assisted channel estimation approach for massive MIMO systems, leveraging DNNs to outperform traditional LS and MMSE methods. In 5G and beyond, accurate channel estimation mitigates pilot contamination…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Haoran He

This study uses various models to address network traffic classification, categorizing traffic into web, browsing, IPSec, backup, and email. We collected a comprehensive dataset from Arbor Edge Defender (AED) devices, comprising of 30,959…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ahmad Antari , Yazan Abo-Aisheh , Jehad Shamasneh , Huthaifa I. Ashqar

The 6G vision is envisaged to enable agile network expansion and rapid deployment of new on-demand microservices (e.g., visibility services for data traffic management, mobile edge computing services) closer to the network's edge IoT…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Shah Zeb , Muhammad Ahmad Rathore , Aamir Mahmood , Syed Ali Hassan , JongWon Kim , Mikael Gidlund

5G is designed to be an essential enabler and a leading infrastructure provider in the communication technology industry by supporting the demand for the growing data traffic and a variety of services with distinct requirements. The use of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Vinicius M. de Pinho , Marcello L. R. de Campos , Luis Uzeda Garcia , Dalia Popescu

With 95% of Internet traffic now encrypted, an effective approach to classifying this traffic is crucial for network security and management. This paper introduces ECHO -- a novel optimization process for ML/DL-based encrypted traffic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Shilo Daum , Tal Shapira , Anat Bremler-Barr , David Hay

A novel approach to analyze statistically the network traffic raw data is proposed. The huge amount of raw data of actual network traffic from the Intrusion Detection System is analyzed to determine if a traffic is a normal or harmful one.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-05-29 A. A. Waskita , H. Suhartanto , P. D. Persadha , L. T. Handoko

In this paper, we present a practical deep learning (DL) approach for energy-efficient traffic classification (TC) on resource-limited microcontrollers, which are widely used in IoT-based smart systems and communication networks. Our…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Adel Chehade , Edoardo Ragusa , Paolo Gastaldo , Rodolfo Zunino

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to detect anomaly in terms of Key Parameter Indicators (KPI)s over live cellular networks based on the combination of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), as…

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) providing vehicle-related statistical data are one of the key components for future smart cities. In this context, knowledge about the current traffic flow is used for travel time reduction and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Marcus Haferkamp , Manar Al-Askary , Dennis Dorn , Benjamin Sliwa , Lars Habel , Michael Schreckenberg , Christian Wietfeld

Upcoming Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) will transform roads from static resources to dynamic Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) in order to satisfy the requirements of future vehicular traffic in smart city environments. Up-to-date…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-09 Benjamin Sliwa , Nico Piatkowski , Marcus Haferkamp , Dennis Dorn , Christian Wietfeld

Virtualization in 5G and beyond networks allows the creation of virtual networks, or network slices, tailored to meet the requirements of various applications. However, this flexibility introduces several challenges for infrastructure…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Muhammad Sulaiman , Bo Sun , Mohammad Ali Salahuddin , Raouf Boutaba , Aladdin Saleh

This paper describes a novel system that provides key parameters of HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) sessions to the lower layers of the protocol stack. A non-intrusive traffic profiling solution is proposed that observes packet flows at the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Dimitrios Tsilimantos , Theodoros Karagkioules , Amaya Nogales-Gómez , Stefan Valentin

The fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks must simultaneously support heterogeneous service categories, including Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and massive Machine-Type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Alireza Ebrahimi Dorcheh , Tolunay Seyfi , Fatemeh Afghah

The network traffic classification allows improving the management, and the network services offer taking into account the kind of application. The future network architectures, mainly mobile networks, foresee intelligent mechanisms in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Rodrigo Moreira , Larissa Ferreira Rodrigues , Pedro Frosi Rosa , Flávio de Oliveira Silva

The advent of novel 5G services and applications with binding latency requirements and guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) hastened the need to incorporate autonomous and proactive decision-making in network management procedures. The…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Marco Skocaj , Francesca Conserva , Nicol Sarcone Grande , Andrea Orsi , Davide Micheli , Giorgio Ghinamo , Simone Bizzarri , Roberto Verdone

Focus on Deep Neural Network based malicious and normal computer Network Traffic classification. (such as attacks, phishing, any other illegal activity and normal traffic identification). In this paper, the main idea is to review, existed…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Md. Ariful Haque , Rajesh Palit

Effective channel estimation CE is critical for optimizing the performance of 5G New Radio NR systems particularly in dynamic environments where traditional methods struggle with complexity and adaptability This paper introduces GraphNet a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Sajedeh Norouzi , Mostafa Rahmani , Yi Chu , Torsten Braun , Kaushik Chowdhury , Alister Burr

Today 4G mobile systems are evolving to provide IP connectivity for diverse applications and services up to 1Gbps. They are designed to optimize the network performance, improve cost efficiency and facilitate the uptake of mass market…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-06-10 Akram Hakiri , Pascal Berthou