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Related papers: Value-based Fast and Slow AI Nudging

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When deploying autonomous agents in the real world, we need effective ways of communicating objectives to them. Traditional skill learning has revolved around reinforcement and imitation learning, each with rigid constraints on the format…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Mark Woodward , Chelsea Finn , Karol Hausman

Humans are spectacular reinforcement learners, constantly learning from and adjusting to experience and feedback. Unfortunately, this doesn't necessarily mean humans are fast learners. When tasks are challenging, learning can become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Mark A. Rucker , Layne T. Watson , Matthew S. Gerber , Laura E. Barnes

For machine agents to successfully interact with humans in real-world settings, they will need to develop an understanding of human mental life. Intuitive psychology, the ability to reason about hidden mental variables that drive observable…

Across a growing number of fields, human decision making is supported by predictions from AI models. However, we still lack a deep understanding of the effects of adoption of these technologies. In this paper, we introduce a general…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Otto Nyberg , Fausto Carcassi , Giovanni Cinà

Cognitive attributes are fundamental to metacognition, shaping how individuals process information, evaluate choices, and make decisions. To develop metacognitive artificial intelligence (AI) models that reflect human reasoning, it is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Mallika Mainali , Rosina O. Weber

Humans and AIs are often paired on decision tasks with the expectation of achieving complementary performance -- where the combination of human and AI outperforms either one alone. However, how to improve performance of a human-AI team is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Ziyang Guo , Yifan Wu , Jason Hartline , Jessica Hullman

Human cognition is theorized to operate in two modes: fast, intuitive System 1 thinking and slow, deliberate System 2 thinking. While current Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) excel at System 2 thinking, their inability to perform fast thinking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhengkai Lin , Zhihang Fu , Ze Chen , Chao Chen , Liang Xie , Wenxiao Wang , Deng Cai , Zheng Wang , Jieping Ye

Imitation learning is widely used for learning to act in complex environments. While pure neural-based methods handle high dimensional data effectively, they suffer from the requirement of large number of samples and are prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Nikhilesh Prabhakar , Varun Balaji , Athresh Karanam , Kristian Kersting , Sriraam Natarajan

Value learning is a crucial aspect of safe and ethical AI. This is primarily pursued by methods inferring human values from behaviour. However, humans care about much more than we are able to demonstrate through our actions. Consequently,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Paul de Font-Reaulx

Decision support systems enhanced by Artificial Intelligence (AI) are increasingly being used in high-stakes scenarios where errors or biased outcomes can have significant consequences. In this work, we explore the conditions under which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Marina Estévez-Almenzar , Ricardo Baeza-Yates , Carlos Castillo

This paper defines a new approach for augmenting human intelligence with AI for optimal goal solving. Our proposed AI, Indigo, is an acronym for Informed Numerical Decision-making through Iterative Goal-Oriented optimization. When combined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Kais Dukes

Behavioral economics changed the way we think about market participants and revolutionized policy-making by introducing the concept of choice architecture. However, even though effective on the level of a population, interventions from…

General Economics · Economics 2019-07-05 Emir Hrnjic , Nikodem Tomczak

Flow theory describes an optimal cognitive state where individuals experience deep focus and intrinsic motivation when a task's difficulty aligns with their skill level. In AI-augmented reasoning, interventions that disrupt the state of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Dinithi Dissanayake , Suranga Nanayakkara

Machine learning is a field of computer science that builds algorithms that learn. In many cases, machine learning algorithms are used to recreate a human ability like adding a caption to a photo, driving a car, or playing a game. While the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Ruth Fong , Walter Scheirer , David Cox

Algorithmic decision support (ADS), using Machine-Learning-based AI, is becoming a major part of many processes. Organizations introduce ADS to improve decision-making and use available data, thereby possibly limiting deviations from the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Joachim Meyer

In AI-assisted decision-making, a central promise of having a human-in-the-loop is that they should be able to complement the AI system by overriding its wrong recommendations. In practice, however, we often see that humans cannot assess…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jakob Schoeffer , Johannes Jakubik , Michael Voessing , Niklas Kuehl , Gerhard Satzger

Human-AI collaboration is typically offered in one of two of user control levels: guidance, where the AI provides suggestions and the human makes the final decision, and delegation, where the AI acts autonomously within user-defined…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Avinash Ajit Nargund , Arthur Caetano , Kevin Yang , Rose Yiwei Liu , Philip Tezaur , Kriteen Shrestha , Qisen Pan , Tobias Höllerer , Misha Sra

The recent rapid advancement of machine learning has been driven by increasingly powerful models with the growing availability of training data and computational resources. However, real-time decision-making tasks with limited time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Lingyu Zhang , Zhengran Ji , Nicholas R Waytowich , Boyuan Chen

Interest in the concept of AI-driven harmful manipulation is growing, yet current approaches to evaluating it are limited. This paper introduces a framework for evaluating harmful AI manipulation via context-specific human-AI interaction…

An important step in the development of value alignment (VA) systems in AI is understanding how values can interrelate with facts. Designers of future VA systems will need to utilize a hybrid approach in which ethical reasoning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Tae Wan Kim , Thomas Donaldson , John Hooker