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Extremely large-scale massive MIMO (XL-MIMO) is a promising technique for future 6G communications.However, existing far-field or near-field channel model mismatches the hybrid-field channel feature in the practical XL-MIMO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Xiuhong Wei , Linglong Dai

At the dawn of the next-generation wireless systems and networks, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been envisioned as one of the enabling technologies. With the continued success of being applied in the 5G and beyond, the…

In this paper, we show that an eXtremely Large (XL) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wireless system with appropriate analog combining components exhibits the properties of a universal function approximator, similar to a feedforward…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Kyriakos Stylianopoulos , George C. Alexandropoulos

The recently commercialized fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication networks achieved many improvements, including air interface enhancement, spectrum expansion, and network intensification by several key technologies, such as massive…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Hengtao He , Xianghao Yu , Jun Zhang , S. H. Song , Khaled B. Letaief

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (M-MIMO) is a key technology for 5G networks. Within this research area, new types of deployment are arising, such as the extremely-large regime (XL- MIMO), where the antenna array at the base station…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Gabriel Avanzi Ubiali , Taufik Abrão

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is the development trend of future wireless communications. However, the extremely large-scale antenna array could bring inevitable nearfield and dual-wideband effects that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jie Xu , Li You , George C. Alexandropoulos , Xinping Yi , Wenjin Wang , Xiqi Gao

This paper proposes a grant-free massive access scheme based on the millimeter wave (mmWave) extra-large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) to support massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices with low latency, high data rate,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Li Qiao , Anwen Liao , Zhuoran Li , Hua Wang , Zhen Gao , Xiang Gao , Yu Su , Pei Xiao , Li You , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) has recently gained a lot of attention due to its high potential in sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems. The goal of this paper is to first present a unified modeling for massive MIMO,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Wei Jiang , Hans D. Schotten

The upper 6 GHz (U6G) band with XL-MIMO is a key enabler for sixth-generation wireless systems, yet intelligent radiomap prediction for such systems remains challenging. Existing datasets support only small-scale arrays (up to 8x8) with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Xiaojie Li , Yu Han , Zhizheng Lu , Shi Jin , Chao-Kai Wen

Extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays) have emerged as a promising technology to achieve super-high spectral efficiency and spatial resolution in future wireless systems. The large aperture of XL-arrays means that spherical rather than…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-29 Changsheng You , Yunpu Zhang , Chenyu Wu , Yong Zeng , Beixiong Zheng , Li Chen , Linglong Dai , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been a critical enabling technology in 5th generation (5G) wireless networks. With the advent of 6G, a natural evolution is to employ even more antennas, potentially an order of magnitude…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-13 Wentao Yu , Yifan Ma , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Extremely large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key enabler for sixth-generation (6G) networks, offering massive spatial degrees of freedom. Despite these advantages, the coexistence of near-field and far-field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Renbin Li , Shuangshuang Li , Peihao Dong

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is capable of supporting extremely high system capacities with large numbers of users. In this work, we build a framework for the analysis and low-complexity design of XL-MIMO…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-13 Kangda Zhi , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Kok Keong Chai , Cheng-Xiang Wang , Robert Schober , Xiaohu You

The recently envisioned goal-oriented communications paradigm calls for the application of inference on wirelessly transferred data via Machine Learning (ML) tools. An emerging research direction deals with the realization of inference ML…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Kyriakos Stylianopoulos , Mattia Fabiani , Giulia Torcolacci , Davide Dardari , George C. Alexandropoulos

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) enables the formation of narrow beams, effectively mitigating path loss in high-frequency communications. This capability makes the integration of wideband high-frequency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Peicong Zheng , Xuantao Lyu , Ye Wang , Yi Gong

Modular extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) architectures combined with wireless fronthaul provide a scalable alternative to monolithic arrays, but their performance is sensitive to hardware impairments and resource allocation strategies.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Özlem Tuğfe Demir

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) communications correspond to systems whose antenna size is so large that conventional assumptions, such as uniform plane wave (UPW) impingement, are no longer valid. This paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Haiquan Lu , Yong Zeng

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) architectures are a key enabler of forthcoming 6G wireless communication networks by allowing high data rates through massive spatial multiplexing. Here, we approach these…

With the evolution of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology toward extremely large (XL) MIMO systems comprising hundreds of, or more, antennas, this work investigates scalable and fronthaul-efficient reception design for the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-24 Dogon Kim , Hyunmin Noh , Seok-Hwan Park

We propose a decentralized receiver for extra-large multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) arrays. Our method operates with no central processing unit (CPU) and all the signal detection tasks are done in distributed nodes. We exploit a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-12 Abolfazl Amiri , Carles Navarro Manch'on , Elisabeth de Carvalho