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In this work, we investigate guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) with quantized soft input. First, we analyze the achievable rate of ordered reliability bits GRAND (ORBGRAND), which uses the rank order of the reliability as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Peihong Yuan , Ken R. Duffy , Evan P. Gabhart , Muriel Médard

Guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) is a noise-centric decoding method, which is suitable for ultra-reliable low-latency communications, as it supports high-rate error correction codes that generate short-length codewords. GRAND…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Ioannis Chatzigeorgiou , Francisco A. Monteiro

CA-Polar codes have been selected for all control channel communications in 5G NR, but accurate, computationally feasible decoders are still subject to development. Here we report the performance of a recently proposed class of optimally…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Ken Duffy , Amit Solomon , Kishori M. Konwar , Muriel Medard

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a code-agnostic decoding technique for short-length and high-rate channel codes. GRAND tries to guess the channel noise by generating test error patterns (TEPs), and the sequence of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Syed Mohsin Abbas , Marwan Jalaleddine , Warren J. Gross

We introduce a generalized low-density parity-check decoding framework for quantum Tanner codes utilizing soft-output guessing random additive noise decoding (SOGRAND). By soft-output decoding entire component codes, we mitigate trapping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Lukas Rapp , Muriel Médard , Eugene Tang , Ken R. Duffy

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a universal framework for decoding all block codes by testing candidate error patterns (EPs). Ordered Reliability Bits GRAND (ORBGRAND) facilitates parallel implementation of GRAND by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Li Wan , Wenyi Zhang

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a recently proposed Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding technique. Irrespective of the structure of the error correcting code, GRAND tries to guess the noise that corrupted the codeword in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Syed Mohsin Abbas , Marwan Jalaleddine , Warren J. Gross

Guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) is a code-agnostic decoding method that iteratively guesses the noise pattern affecting the received codeword. The number of noise sequences to test depends on the noise realization. Thus,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-10 Filippo Christen , Darja Nonaca , Christoph Studer

Fast SC decoding overcomes the latency caused by the serial nature of the SC decoding by identifying new nodes in the upper levels of the SC decoding tree and implementing their fast parallel decoders. In this work, we first present a novel…

We establish that during the execution of any Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) algorithm, an interpretable, useful measure of decoding confidence can be evaluated. This measure takes the form of a log-likelihood ratio (LLR)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Medard

We propose a novel soft-aided hard-decision decoding algorithm for general product-like codes. It achieves error correcting performance similar to that of a soft-decision turbo decoder for staircase and OFEC codes, while maintaining a low…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Lukas Rapp , Sisi Miao , Laurent Schmalen

Within the Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) family, ordered reliability bits GRAND (ORBGRAND) has received considerable attention for its hardware-friendly exploitation of soft information. Existing information-theoretic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhuang Li , Wenyi Zhang

We implement a 1-Tb/s 0.63-pJ/bit soft-assisted product decoder in a 28-nm technology. The decoder uses one bit of soft information to improve its net coding gain by 0.2 dB, reaching 10.3-10.4 dB, which is similar to that of more complex…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Christoffer Fougstedt , Alireza Sheikh , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Gianluigi Liva , Per Larsson-Edefors

Polar codes are able to achieve the capacity of memoryless channels under successive cancellation (SC) decoding. Soft Cancellation (SCAN) is a soft-output decoder based on the SC schedule, useful in iterative decoding and concatenation of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Charles Pillet , Carlo Condo , Valerio Bioglio

Polar codes are capacity-achieving error-correcting codes with an explicit construction that can be decoded with low-complexity algorithms. In this work, we show how the state-of-the-art low-complexity decoding algorithm can be improved to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-29 Pascal Giard , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Gabi Sarkis , Claude Thibeault , Warren J. Gross

Future beyond-5G and 6G systems demand ultra-reliable, low-latency communication with short blocklengths, motivating the development of universal decoding algorithms. Guessing decoding, which infers the noise or codeword candidate in order…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Qianfan Wang , Jifan Liang , Peihong Yuan , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard , Xiao Ma

Research on polar codes has been constantly gaining attention over the last decade, by academia and industry alike, thanks to their capacity-achieving error-correction performance and low-complexity decoding algorithms. Recently, they have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Carlo Condo , Valerio Bioglio , Ingmar Land

There have been significant advances in recent years in the development of forward error correction decoders that can decode codes of any structure, including practical realizations in synthesized circuits and taped out chips. While…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Jiewei Feng , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard

Supporting ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is a challenge in current wireless systems. Channel codes that generate large codewords improve reliability but necessitate the use of interleavers, which introduce undesirable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Sahar Allahkaram , Francisco A. Monteiro , Ioannis Chatzigeorgiou

Even though polar codes were adopted in the latest 5G cellular standard, they still have the fundamental problem of high decoding latency. Aiming at solving this problem, a fast simplified successive cancellation (Fast-SSC) decoder based on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Haotian Zheng , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Zizheng Cao , Ton Koonen