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We study the problem of eliciting and aggregating probabilistic information from multiple agents. In order to successfully aggregate the predictions of agents, the principal needs to elicit some notion of confidence from agents, capturing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-03 Rafael M. Frongillo , Yiling Chen , Ian A. Kash

Based on expert opinions, informative prior elicitation for the common Weibull lifetime distribution usually presents some difficulties since it requires to elicit a two-dimensional joint prior. We consider here a reliability framework…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-10-22 Nicolas Bousquet

In Bayesian analysis, prior elicitation, or the process of facilitating the expression of one's beliefs to inform statistical modeling, is an essential yet challenging step. Analysts often have beliefs about real-world variables and their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuwei Xiao , Shuai Ma , Antti Oulasvirta , Eunice Jun

In this study, we introduce a new approach to statistical decision theory. Without using a loss function, we select good decision rules to choice between two hypotheses. We call them "experts". They are globally unbiased but also…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Guy Morel

Information that is of relevance for decision-making is often distributed, and held by self-interested agents. Decision markets are well-suited mechanisms to elicit such information and aggregate it into conditional forecasts that can be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Wenlong Wang , Thomas Pfeiffer

Eliciting knowledge from pre-trained language models via prompt-based learning has shown great potential in many natural language processing tasks. Whereas, the applications for more complex tasks such as event extraction are less studied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Jiaju Lin , Qin Chen

Regression under the "small $n$, large $p$" conditions, of small sample size $n$ and large number of features $p$ in the learning data set, is a recurring setting in which learning from data is difficult. With prior knowledge about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Homayun Afrabandpey , Tomi Peltola , Samuel Kaski

The analysis of decision making under uncertainty is closely related to the analysis of probabilistic inference. Indeed, much of the research into efficient methods for probabilistic inference in expert systems has been motivated by the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Ross D. Shachter , Mark Alan Peot

We discuss Bayesian inference for parameters selected using the data. First, we provide a critical analysis of the existing positions in the literature regarding the correct Bayesian approach under selection. Second, we propose two types of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-12 Daniel G. Rasines , G. Alastair Young

Bayesian persuasion, a central model in information design, studies how a sender, who privately observes a state drawn from a prior distribution, strategically sends a signal to influence a receiver's action. A key assumption is that both…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jingwu Tang , Jiahao Zhang , Fei Fang , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Diffusion models are a class of probabilistic generative models that have been widely used as a prior for image processing tasks like text conditional generation and inpainting. We demonstrate that these models can be adapted to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Marc Finzi , Anudhyan Boral , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Fei Sha , Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez

This paper describes a Bayesian method for learning causal networks using samples that were selected in a non-random manner from a population of interest. Examples of data obtained by non-random sampling include convenience samples and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Gregory F. Cooper

Recidivism prediction provides decision makers with an assessment of the likelihood that a criminal defendant will reoffend that can be used in pre-trial decision-making. It can also be used for prediction of locations where crimes most…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-07 Eduardo Soares , Plamen Angelov

Objective prior distributions represent an important tool that allows one to have the advantages of using the Bayesian framework even when information about the parameters of a model is not available. The usual objective approaches work off…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-25 Fabrizio Leisen , Cristiano Villa , Stephen G. Walker

Randomness in scientific estimation is generally assumed to arise from unmeasured or uncontrolled factors. However, when combining subjective probability estimates, heterogeneity stemming from people's cognitive or information diversity is…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-14 Ville A. Satopää , Robin Pemantle , Lyle H. Ungar

Prior distributions elicited for modelling the natural fluctuations or the uncertainty on parameters of Bayesian fishery population models, can be chosen among a vast range of statistical laws. Since the statistical framework is defined by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-12 Nicolas Bousquet

In this work we study the problem of inferring a discrete probability distribution using both expert knowledge and empirical data. This is an important issue for many applications where the scarcity of data prevents a purely empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Rémi Besson , Erwan Le Pennec , Stéphanie Allassonnière

We propose an expert-elicitation method for learning non-parametric joint prior distributions using normalizing flows. Normalizing flows are a class of generative models that enable exact, single-step density evaluation and can capture…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-22 Florence Bockting , Stefan T. Radev , Paul-Christian Bürkner

Recursive graphical models usually underlie the statistical modelling concerning probabilistic expert systems based on Bayesian networks. This paper defines a version of these models, denoted as recursive exponential models, which have…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-02-08 Bo Thiesson

We consider regression under the "extremely small $n$ large $p$" condition, where the number of samples $n$ is so small compared to the dimensionality $p$ that predictors cannot be estimated without prior knowledge. This setup occurs in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-08 Marta Soare , Muhammad Ammad-ud-din , Samuel Kaski