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Deep generative neural networks have proven effective at both conditional and unconditional modeling of complex data distributions. Conditional generation enables interactive control, but creating new controls often requires expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Jesse Engel , Matthew Hoffman , Adam Roberts

Diffusion models offer stable training and state-of-the-art performance for deep generative modeling tasks. Here, we consider their use in the context of multivariate subsurface modeling and probabilistic inversion. We first demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Roberto Miele , Niklas Linde

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in various domains, yet it often relies on carefully designed programmatic reward functions to guide agent behavior. Designing such reward functions can be challenging and may not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Qi Wang , Mian Wu , Yuyang Zhang , Mingqi Yuan , Wenyao Zhang , Haoxiang You , Yunbo Wang , Xin Jin , Xiaokang Yang , Wenjun Zeng

Sequential decision-making is desired to align with human intents and exhibit versatility across various tasks. Previous methods formulate it as a conditional generation process, utilizing return-conditioned diffusion models to directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Xudong Yu , Chenjia Bai , Haoran He , Changhong Wang , Xuelong Li

The controllable generation of diffusion models aims to steer the model to generate samples that optimize some given objective functions. It is desirable for a variety of applications including image generation, molecule generation, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Owen Oertell , Shikun Sun , Yiding Chen , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhiyong Wang , Wen Sun

Conditional diffusion models serve as the foundation of modern image synthesis and find extensive application in fields like computational biology and reinforcement learning. In these applications, conditional diffusion models incorporate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Hengyu Fu , Zhuoran Yang , Mengdi Wang , Minshuo Chen

We explore a data-driven approach for learning to optimize neural networks. We construct a dataset of neural network checkpoints and train a generative model on the parameters. In particular, our model is a conditional diffusion transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 William Peebles , Ilija Radosavovic , Tim Brooks , Alexei A. Efros , Jitendra Malik

Distributional regression aims to estimate the full conditional distribution of a target variable, given covariates. Popular methods include linear and tree-ensemble based quantile regression. We propose a neural network-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-08 Xinwei Shen , Nicolai Meinshausen

Diffusion models typically generate data through a fixed denoising trajectory that is shared across all samples. However, generation targets can differ in complexity, suggesting that a single pre-defined diffusion process may not be optimal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yucheng Xing , Xiaodong Liu , Xin Wang

Guidance in conditional diffusion generation is of great importance for sample quality and controllability. However, existing guidance schemes are to be desired. On one hand, mainstream methods such as classifier guidance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Jiajun Ma , Tianyang Hu , Wenjia Wang , Jiacheng Sun

We introduce Diffusion Active Learning, a novel approach that combines generative diffusion modeling with data-driven sequential experimental design to adaptively acquire data for inverse problems. Although broadly applicable, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Luis Barba , Johannes Kirschner , Tomas Aidukas , Manuel Guizar-Sicairos , Benjamín Béjar

Recent advancements in diffusion models have revolutionized generative modeling. However, the impressive and vivid outputs they produce often come at the cost of significant model scaling and increased computational demands. Consequently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Jincheng Zhong , Xiangcheng Zhang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

In many real-world settings, agents must learn from an offline dataset gathered by some prior behavior policy. Such a setting naturally leads to distribution shift between the behavior policy and the target policy being trained - requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Matthew Thomas Jackson , Michael Tryfan Matthews , Cong Lu , Benjamin Ellis , Shimon Whiteson , Jakob Foerster

Diffusion models excel at capturing complex data distributions, such as those of natural images and proteins. While diffusion models are trained to represent the distribution in the training dataset, we often are more concerned with other…

Most existing cross-modal generative methods based on diffusion models use guidance to provide control over the latent space to enable conditional generation across different modalities. Such methods focus on providing guidance through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Zizhao Hu , Mohammad Rostami

Diffusion models generate high-quality synthetic data. They operate by defining a continuous-time forward process which gradually adds Gaussian noise to data until fully corrupted. The corresponding reverse process progressively "denoises"…

Guidance techniques are simple yet effective for improving conditional generation in diffusion models. Albeit their empirical success, the practical implementation of guidance diverges significantly from its theoretical motivation. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zhengqi Gao , Kaiwen Zha , Tianyuan Zhang , Zihui Xue , Duane S. Boning

This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of methods for fine-tuning diffusion models to optimize downstream reward functions. While diffusion models are widely known to provide excellent generative modeling capability, practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Tommaso Biancalani , Sergey Levine

Discrete diffusion models generate sequences by iteratively denoising samples corrupted by categorical noise, offering an appealing alternative to autoregressive decoding for structured and symbolic generation. However, standard training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Huu Binh Ta , Michael Cardei , Alvaro Velasquez , Ferdinando Fioretto