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Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely believed to perform implicit regularization when used to train deep neural networks, but the precise manner in which this occurs has thus far been elusive. We prove that SGD minimizes an average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Pratik Chaudhari , Stefano Soatto

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a pillar of modern machine learning, serving as the go-to optimization algorithm for a diverse array of problems. While the empirical success of SGD is often attributed to its computational efficiency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Courtney Paquette , Elliot Paquette , Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

Adaptive gradient methods, such as AdaGrad, have become fundamental tools in deep learning. Despite their widespread use, the asymptotic convergence of AdaGrad remains poorly understood in non-convex scenarios. In this work, we present the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Ruinan Jin , Xiaoyu Wang

Stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) is one of the most widely used optimization algorithms in machine learning. While optimization properties of SGDM have been extensively studied in the literature, it remains insufficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yunwen Lei , Zimeng Wang , Xiaoming Yuan

The success of deep learning has led to a rising interest in the generalization property of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method, and stability is one popular approach to study it. Existing works based on stability have studied…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-08 Yi Zhou , Yingbin Liang , Huishuai Zhang

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is one of the most popular algorithms in statistical and machine learning due to its computational and memory efficiency. Various averaging schemes have been proposed to accelerate the convergence of SGD in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-08 Ziyang Wei , Wanrong Zhu , Wei Biao Wu

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) plays a central role in modern machine learning. While there is extensive work on providing error upper bound for SGD, not much is known about SGD error lower bound. In this paper, we study the convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-21 Zhiyan Ding , Yiding Chen , Qin Li , Xiaojin Zhu

Neural networks are usually trained by some form of stochastic gradient descent (SGD)). A number of strategies are in common use intended to improve SGD optimization, such as learning rate schedules, momentum, and batching. These are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-13 Thomas M. Breuel

Many recent applications in machine learning and data fitting call for the algorithmic solution of structured smooth convex optimization problems. Although the gradient descent method is a natural choice for this task, it requires exact…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-09-03 Anthony Man-Cho So

It is often observed that stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants implicitly select a solution with good generalization performance; such implicit bias is often characterized in terms of the sharpness of the minima. Kleinberg et…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-28 Atsushi Nitanda , Ryuhei Kikuchi , Shugo Maeda , Denny Wu

In this paper, we study stochastic constrained minimax optimization problems with nonconvex-nonconcave structure, a central problem in modern machine learning, for which reliable and efficient algorithms remain largely unexplored due to its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Muhammad Khan , Yangyang Xu

In this thesis, I study the minimax oracle complexity of distributed stochastic optimization. First, I present the "graph oracle model", an extension of the classic oracle complexity framework that can be applied to study distributed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-03 Blake Woodworth

The purpose of this paper is to extend the full convergence results of the classic GLL-type (Grippo-Lampariello-Lucidi) nonmonotone methods to nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization. We propose a novel iterative framework for the minimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Yitian Qian , Ting Tao , Shaohua Pan , Houduo Qi

This paper presents an extension of stochastic gradient descent for the minimization of Lipschitz continuous loss functions. Our motivation is for use in non-smooth non-convex stochastic optimization problems, which are frequently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-05 Michael R. Metel , Akiko Takeda

In this paper, we propose a novel kernel stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm for large-scale supervised learning with general losses. Compared to traditional kernel SGD, our algorithm improves efficiency and scalability through an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jinhui Bai , Andreas Christmann , Lei Shi

Recently there are a considerable amount of work devoted to the study of the algorithmic stability and generalization for stochastic gradient descent (SGD). However, the existing stability analysis requires to impose restrictive assumptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Yunwen Lei , Yiming Ying

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a popular algorithm for optimization problems arising in high-dimensional inference tasks. Here one produces an estimator of an unknown parameter from independent samples of data by iteratively…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-23 Gerard Ben Arous , Reza Gheissari , Aukosh Jagannath

This paper considers stochastic optimization problems for a large class of objective functions, including convex and continuous submodular. Stochastic proximal gradient methods have been widely used to solve such problems; however, their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-13 Aryan Mokhtari , Hamed Hassani , Amin Karbasi

We analyze (stochastic) gradient descent (SGD) with delayed updates on smooth quasi-convex and non-convex functions and derive concise, non-asymptotic, convergence rates. We show that the rate of convergence in all cases consists of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Sebastian U. Stich , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy

Our work focuses on stochastic gradient methods for optimizing a smooth non-convex loss function with a non-smooth non-convex regularizer. Research on this class of problem is quite limited, and until recently no non-asymptotic convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-15 Michael R. Metel , Akiko Takeda
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