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Although several fairness definitions and bias mitigation techniques exist in the literature, all existing solutions evaluate fairness of Machine Learning (ML) systems after the training stage. In this paper, we take the first steps towards…

Machine learning (ML) is the field of training machines to achieve high level of cognition and perform human-like analysis. Since ML is a data-driven approach, it seemingly fits into our daily lives and operations as well as complex and…

Algorithms deployed in education can shape the learning experience and success of a student. It is therefore important to understand whether and how such algorithms might create inequalities or amplify existing biases. In this paper, we…

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used in image retrieval systems for medical decision making. One application of ML is to retrieve visually similar medical images from past patients (e.g. tissue from biopsies) to reference when…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

In recent years, there has been growing interest in leveraging machine learning for homeless service assignment. However, the categorical nature of administrative data recorded for homeless individuals hinders the development of accurate…

Large Language Models are increasingly employed in generating consumer product recommendations, yet their potential for embedding and amplifying gender and race biases remains underexplored. This paper serves as one of the first attempts to…

This chapter is written with the Data Scientist or MLOps professional in mind but can be used as a resource for policy makers, reformists, AI Ethicists, sociologists, and others interested in finding methods that help reduce bias in…

Causal machine learning (ML) offers flexible, data-driven methods for predicting treatment outcomes including efficacy and toxicity, thereby supporting the assessment and safety of drugs. A key benefit of causal ML is that it allows for…

With the increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) in education, concerns about inherent biases in these models have gained prominence. We evaluate LLMs for bias in the personalized educational setting, specifically focusing on…

Individual agents in multi-agent (MA) systems often lack robustness, tending to blindly conform to misleading peers. We show this weakness stems from both sycophancy and inadequate ability to evaluate peer reliability. To address this, we…

This article considers the estimation of the number of severely disabled people using data from the Italian survey on Health Conditions and Appeal to Medicare. Disability is indirectly measured using a set of categorical items, which survey…

The primary aim of this paper is to comprehend, assess, and analyze the role, relevance, and efficiency of machine learning models in predicting heart disease risks using clinical data. While the importance of heart disease risk prediction…

This paper studies the performance of large language models (LLMs), particularly regarding demographic fairness, in solving real-world healthcare tasks. We evaluate state-of-the-art LLMs with three prevalent learning frameworks across six…

In recent years, there are various methods of estimating Biological Age (BA) have been developed. Especially with the development of machine learning (ML), there are more and more types of BA predictions, and the accuracy has been greatly…

It is fair to say that many of the prominent examples of bias in Machine Learning (ML) arise from bias that is there in the training data. In fact, some would argue that supervised ML algorithms cannot be biased, they reflect the data on…

Machine learning (ML) is poised to drive innovations in clinical microbiomics, such as in disease diagnostics and prognostics. However, the successful implementation of ML in these domains necessitates the development of reproducible,…

Recent literature has suggested the potential of using large language models (LLMs) to make classifications for tabular tasks. However, LLMs have been shown to exhibit harmful social biases that reflect the stereotypes and inequalities…

Machine learning (ML) offers a collection of powerful approaches for detecting and modeling associations, often applied to data having a large number of features and/or complex associations. Currently, there are many tools to facilitate…

The management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients has a significant impact on both morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to predict the need for diabetic patients to be hospitalized. However, using standard machine…