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Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate large amounts of knowledge and take enormous amounts of compute to train. We make use of this resource, together with the observation that LLMs are able to transfer knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Malcolm L. Wolff , Shenghao Yang , Kari Torkkola , Michael W. Mahoney

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved excellent performances in various tasks. However, fine-tuning an LLM requires extensive supervision. Human, on the other hand, may improve their reasoning abilities by self-thinking without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Jiaxin Huang , Shixiang Shane Gu , Le Hou , Yuexin Wu , Xuezhi Wang , Hongkun Yu , Jiawei Han

Conventional audio equalization is a static process that requires manual and cumbersome adjustments to adapt to changing listening contexts (e.g., mood, location, or social setting). In this paper, we introduce a Large Language Model…

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has not only provided numerous opportunities but also presented significant challenges. This becomes particularly evident when LLMs inadvertently generate harmful or toxic content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kai Chen , Chunwei Wang , Kuo Yang , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Fei Mi , Hang Xu , Zhengying Liu , Wenyong Huang , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) often demonstrate poor calibration, with their confidence scores misaligned with actual performance. While calibration has been extensively studied in models trained from scratch, the impact of LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ziming Wang , Zeyu Shi , Haoyi Zhou , Shiqi Gao , Qingyun Sun , Jianxin Li

In this article we report on an initial exploration to assess the viability of using the general large language models (LLMs), recently made public, to classify mathematical documents. Automated classification would be useful from the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Patrick D. F. Ion , Stephen M. Watt

For green AI, it is crucial to measure and reduce the carbon footprint emitted during the training of large language models. In NLP, performing pre-training on Transformer models requires significant computational resources. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Sharayu Hiwarkhedkar , Saloni Mittal , Vidula Magdum , Omkar Dhekane , Raviraj Joshi , Geetanjali Kale , Arnav Ladkat

Tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs) with task-specific prompts has been a promising approach for text classification. Particularly, previous studies suggest that prompt-tuning has remarkable superiority in the low-data scenario over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Shengding Hu , Ning Ding , Huadong Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Jingang Wang , Juanzi Li , Wei Wu , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have in recent years demonstrated impressive prowess in natural language generation. A common practice to improve generation diversity is to sample multiple outputs from the model. However, there lacks a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Xingdi Yuan , Tong Wang , Yen-Hsiang Wang , Emery Fine , Rania Abdelghani , Pauline Lucas , Hélène Sauzéon , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Large language models (LLMs) play a crucial role in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, improving the understanding, generation, and manipulation of human language across domains such as translating, summarizing, and classifying text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Anna Glazkova , Olga Zakharova

Current large language models (LLM) provide a strong foundation for large-scale user-oriented natural language tasks. Many users can easily inject adversarial text or instructions through the user interface, thus causing LLM model security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Dong Shu , Taowen Wang , Dongfang Liu , Xiaobo Jin

Multilingual pre-trained language models (MPLMs) not only can handle tasks in different languages but also exhibit surprising zero-shot cross-lingual transferability. However, MPLMs usually are not able to achieve comparable supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Ziqing Yang , Yiming Cui , Zhigang Chen , Shijin Wang

Training large language representation models has become a standard in the natural language processing community. This allows for fine tuning on any number of specific tasks, however, these large high capacity models can continue to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Kristjan Arumae , Parminder Bhatia

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on diverse benchmarks, yet existing evaluation practices largely rely on coarse summary metrics that obscure underlying reasoning abilities. In this work, we propose novel…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Jia Liu , Zhiyu Xu , Yuqi Gu

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human objectives is crucial for real-world applications. However, fine-tuning LLMs for alignment often suffers from unstable training and requires substantial computing resources. Test-time…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Lingkai Kong , Haorui Wang , Wenhao Mu , Yuanqi Du , Yuchen Zhuang , Yifei Zhou , Yue Song , Rongzhi Zhang , Kai Wang , Chao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance in text processing. Notably, LLMs can synthesize information from large datasets and explain their decisions similarly to human reasoning through a chain of thought (CoT). An…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Michał Romaszewski , Przemysław Sekuła , Przemysław Głomb , Michał Cholewa , Katarzyna Kołodziej

In this paper, we propose a training-free method for unsupervised short text clustering that relies less on careful selection of embedders than other methods. In customer-facing chatbots, companies are dealing with large amounts of user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 I-Fan Lin , Faegheh Hasibi , Suzan Verberne

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs), they often lag behind specialized models in various tasks. LLMs only use a fraction of the existing training data for in-context learning, while task-specific models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Giorgos Vernikos , Arthur Bražinskas , Jakub Adamek , Jonathan Mallinson , Aliaksei Severyn , Eric Malmi

Aligning test items to content standards is a critical step in test development to collect validity evidence based on content. Item alignment has typically been conducted by human experts. This judgmental process can be subjective and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yanbin Fu , Hong Jiao , Tianyi Zhou , Nan Zhang , Ming Li , Qingshu Xu , Sydney Peters , Robert W. Lissitz

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance not only in natural language processing tasks but also in a great variety of non-linguistic domains. In diverse optimization scenarios, there is also a rising trend of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Beichen Huang , Xingyu Wu , Yu Zhou , Jibin Wu , Liang Feng , Ran Cheng , Kay Chen Tan
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