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Imaging ellipsometry studies of graphene on SiO2/Si and crystalline GaAs are presented. We demonstrate that imaging ellipsometry is a powerful tool to detect and characterize graphene on any flat substrate. Variable angle spectroscopic…

Optical multiplexing is a key technique that enhances the capacity of optical systems by independently modulating various optical parameters to carry distinct information. Among these parameters, wavelength, polarization, and angle are the…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-20 Rui Wei , Hongsheng Shi , Boyou Wang , Baojun Li , Yanjun Bao

Accurately measuring the geometry and spatially-varying reflectance of real-world objects is a complex task due to their intricate shapes formed by concave features, hollow engravings and diverse surfaces, resulting in inter-reflection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Jing Yang , Pratusha Bhuvana Prasad , Qing Zhang , Yajie Zhao

Grazing incidence x-ray scattering provides nanostructural information for thin film samples, but single images generally do not provide information on film thickness or the full complex index of refraction. Additionally, for thin films…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-11-10 Peter J. Dudenas , Adam Z. Weber , Ahmet Kusoglu

Reflective membrane mirrors provide a lightweight, low-cost alternative to traditional optics for next-generation large-aperture telescopes, but their non-rigid, thin structure poses challenges for surface metrology. We present a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-17 Xin Yan , Zhi-Kang Zhuang , Fu-Jia Du , Wen Duan , Peilin Yin , Mo-Nong Yu , Guang Yang

Spatial filtering of optical fields has widespread applications ranging from beam shaping to optical information processing. However, conventional spatial filters are bulky and alignment-sensitive. Here, we present nonlocal non-Hermitian…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-04 Biao Chen , Mikael Reichler , Radoslaw Kolkowski , Andriy Shevchenko

The lensless endoscope (LE) is a promising device to acquire in vivo images at a cellular scale. The tiny size of the probe enables a deep exploration of the tissues. Lensless endoscopy with a multicore fiber (MCF) commonly uses a spatial…

Thermoreflectance methods by picosecond pulse heating and by nanosecond pulse heating have been developed under the same geometrical configuration as the laser flash method by the National Metrology Institute of JAPAN, AIST. Using these…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-09-13 T. Baba , K. Ishikawa , T. Yagi , N. Taketoshi

Smartphone cameras face fundamental form-factor constraints that limit their optical magnification, primarily due to the difficulty of reducing a lens assembly's telephoto ratio, the ratio between total track length (TTL) and effective…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Harshana Weligampola , Yuanrui Chen , Abhiram Gnanasambandam , Dilshan Godaliyadda , Hamid R. Sheikh , Stanley H. Chan , Qi Guo

Metasurfaces are planar structures that locally modify the polarization, phase, and amplitude of light in reflection or transmission, thus enabling lithographically patterned flat optical components with functionalities controlled by…

Optics · Physics 2015-09-08 Amir Arbabi , Yu Horie , Mahmood Bagheri , Andrei Faraon

Nonlinear optics underpins a broad range of photonic technologies, from classical and quantum light sources to emerging nonlinear photonic neural networks. Yet, conventional nonlinear optical devices exhibit static functionality: their…

Frequency domain spectroscopy allows an experimenter to establish optical properties of solids in a wide frequency band including the technically challenging 10 THz region, and in other bands enables metrological comparison between…

Optics · Physics 2018-09-21 Steven Chick , Ben Murdin , Guy Matmon , Mira Naftaly

Ultrathin metasurface holograms, with thicknesses comparable to the operating wavelength, leverage multiple degrees of freedom of light to address independent image channels, thereby significantly enhancing information capacity. Although…

Hyperspectral imaging is useful for applications ranging from medical diagnostics to agricultural crop monitoring; however, traditional scanning hyperspectral imagers are prohibitively slow and expensive for widespread adoption. Snapshot…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-30 Kristina Monakhova , Kyrollos Yanny , Neerja Aggarwal , Laura Waller

Metasurfaces are paving the way to improve traditional optical components by integrating multiple functionalities into one optically flat metasurface design. We demonstrate the implementation of a multifunctional gap surface plasmon-based…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Sergejs Boroviks , Rucha A. Deshpande , N. Asger Mortensen , Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi

Snapshot full-Stokes polarimetry across multiple wavelengths remains challenging because conventional architectures rely on multiplexed measurements and bulky optics. We present an end-to-end framework that reconstructs RGB full-Stokes…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-07 Xingyu Chai , Jirong Bao , Haining Yang , Mengdi Sun

We describe a hybrid pixel array detector (EMPAD - electron microscope pixel array detector) adapted for use in electron microscope applications, especially as a universal detector for scanning transmission electron microscopy. The 128 x…

Stokes polarimetry has been considered as an alluring platform that enables a plethora of applications ranging from single-molecule orientation to deep-space sensing. Existing polarimetry avenues, however, rely primarily on the transversely…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-06 Shuaijie Yuan , Xu Zhu , Jin Yang , Yu Liu , Jinhai Zou , Zhongquan Nie , Baohua Jia , Bing Lei

Lensless optical imaging eliminates the need for refractive optics, enabling compact and low-cost cameras with a large field-of-view, supporting point-of-care diagnostics and industrial monitoring. Practical deployments, however, remain…

Most modern optical display and sensing devices utilize a limited number of spectral units within the visible range, based on human color perception. In contrast, the rapid advancement of machine-based pattern recognition and spectral…