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Benign overfitting refers to how over-parameterized neural networks can fit training data perfectly and generalize well to unseen data. While this has been widely investigated theoretically, existing works are limited to two-layer networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Shuning Shang , Xuran Meng , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

In the context of over-parameterization, there is a line of work demonstrating that randomly initialized (stochastic) gradient descent (GD) converges to a globally optimal solution at a linear convergence rate for the quadratic loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xianliang Xu , Ting Du , Wang Kong , Bin Shan , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

We prove that finding all globally optimal two-layer ReLU neural networks can be performed by solving a convex optimization program with cone constraints. Our analysis is novel, characterizes all optimal solutions, and does not leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yifei Wang , Jonathan Lacotte , Mert Pilanci

This informal technical report details the geometric illustration of decision boundaries for ReLU units in a three layer fully connected neural network. The network is designed and trained to predict pixel intensity from an (x, y) input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Luke N. Darlow , Amos J. Storkey

In recent years, deep learning has made remarkable progress in a wide range of domains, with a particularly notable impact on natural language processing tasks. One of the challenges associated with training deep neural networks in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Hanna Mazzawi , Xavi Gonzalvo , Michael Wunder , Sammy Jerome , Benoit Dherin

In deep learning, a central issue is to understand how neural networks efficiently learn high-dimensional features. To this end, we explore the gradient descent learning of a general Gaussian Multi-index model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-06 Bohan Zhang , Zihao Wang , Hengyu Fu , Jason D. Lee

Many results in recent years established polynomial time learnability of various models via neural networks algorithms. However, unless the model is linear separable, or the activation is a polynomial, these results require very large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Amit Daniely

The training of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation via gradient descent (GD) type optimization schemes is nowadays a common industrially relevant procedure. Till this day in the scientific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Simon Eberle , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert , Georg S. Weiss

This article contributes to the current statistical theory of deep neural networks (DNNs). It was shown that DNNs are able to circumvent the so--called curse of dimensionality in case that suitable restrictions on the structure of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-14 Sophie Langer

Neural networks, a central tool in machine learning, have demonstrated remarkable, high fidelity performance on image recognition and classification tasks. These successes evince an ability to accurately represent high dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-08 Grant M. Rotskoff , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

We propose a novel technique for faster deep neural network training which systematically applies sample-based approximation to the constituent tensor operations, i.e., matrix multiplications and convolutions. We introduce new sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Menachem Adelman , Kfir Y. Levy , Ido Hakimi , Mark Silberstein

In this report we demonstrate that with same parameters and computational budgets, models with wider features before ReLU activation have significantly better performance for single image super-resolution (SISR). The resulted SR residual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Jiahui Yu , Yuchen Fan , Jianchao Yang , Ning Xu , Zhaowen Wang , Xinchao Wang , Thomas Huang

Rectified Linear Units (ReLU) have become the main model for the neural units in current deep learning systems. This choice has been originally suggested as a way to compensate for the so called vanishing gradient problem which can undercut…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-05-06 Carlo Baldassi , Enrico M. Malatesta , Riccardo Zecchina

We consider training over-parameterized two-layer neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) using gradient descent (GD) method. Inspired by a recent line of work, we study the evolutions of network prediction errors across GD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Lili Su , Pengkun Yang

This paper provides an analysis of state-of-the-art activation functions with respect to supervised classification of deep neural network. These activation functions comprise of Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), Exponential Linear Unit (ELU),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Anh Nguyen , Khoa Pham , Dat Ngo , Thanh Ngo , Lam Pham

Training neural networks with first order optimisation methods is at the core of the empirical success of deep learning. The scale of initialisation is a crucial factor, as small initialisations are generally associated to a feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Etienne Boursier , Nicolas Flammarion

We describe an algorithm that learns two-layer residual units using rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation: suppose the input $\mathbf{x}$ is from a distribution with support space $\mathbb{R}^d$ and the ground-truth generative model is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zhunxuan Wang , Linyun He , Chunchuan Lyu , Shay B. Cohen

Researchers have proposed various activation functions. These activation functions help the deep network to learn non-linear behavior with a significant effect on training dynamics and task performance. The performance of these activations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Pravendra Singh , Munender Varshney , Vinay P. Namboodiri

We study multigrade deep learning (MGDL) as a principled framework for structured error refinement in deep neural networks. While the approximation power of neural networks is now relatively well understood, training very deep architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Shijun Zhang , Zuowei Shen , Yuesheng Xu

Spiking neural network (SNN) is interesting both theoretically and practically because of its strong bio-inspiration nature and potentially outstanding energy efficiency. Unfortunately, its development has fallen far behind the conventional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Shibo Zhou , Xiaohua LI , Ying Chen , Sanjeev T. Chandrasekaran , Arindam Sanyal