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Instruction tuning aligns the response of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite such efforts in human--LLM alignment, we find that instruction tuning does not always make LLMs human-like from a cognitive modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Yohei Oseki , Timothy Baldwin

Instruction tuning (IT) is crucial to tailoring large language models (LLMs) towards human-centric interactions. Recent advancements have shown that the careful selection of a small, high-quality subset of IT data can significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Liangxin Liu , Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Dongfang Li , Ziyi Wang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Deploying large language models (LLMs) is challenging because they are memory inefficient and compute-intensive for practical applications. In reaction, researchers train smaller task-specific models by either finetuning with human labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Cheng-Yu Hsieh , Chun-Liang Li , Chih-Kuan Yeh , Hootan Nakhost , Yasuhisa Fujii , Alexander Ratner , Ranjay Krishna , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language tasks, marking significant strides towards general artificial intelligence. While general artificial intelligence is leveraged by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yizhe Yang , Huashan Sun , Jiawei Li , Runheng Liu , Yinghao Li , Yuhang Liu , Heyan Huang , Yang Gao

Instruction-following is particularly crucial for large language models (LLMs) to support diverse user requests. While existing work has made progress in aligning LLMs with human preferences, evaluating their capabilities on instruction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Zihui Gu , Xingwu Sun , Fengzong Lian , Zhanhui Kang , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Ju Fan

In many real-world applications, users rely on natural language instructions to guide large language models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. These instructions are often complex, diverse, and subject to frequent change. However, LLMs do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Praveen Venkateswaran , Danish Contractor

Over recent years, an increasing amount of compute and data has been poured into training large language models (LLMs), usually by doing one-pass learning on as many tokens as possible randomly selected from large-scale web corpora. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Kushal Tirumala , Daniel Simig , Armen Aghajanyan , Ari S. Morcos

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has created a significant disparity: industrial research labs with their computational resources, expert teams, and advanced infrastructures, can effectively fine-tune LLMs, while individual…

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various fields, including natural language processing and automated dialogue systems. This paper explores the application of LLMs in psychological counseling, addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Wenjie Li , Tianyu Sun , Kun Qian , Wenhong Wang

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions is crucial to real-world applications. Despite recent advances, several studies have highlighted that LLMs struggle when faced with challenging instructions, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Haoran Sun , Lixin Liu , Junjie Li , Fengyu Wang , Baohua Dong , Ran Lin , Ruohui Huang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied across various tasks, instruction tuning has emerged as a critical method for enhancing model performance. However, current data management strategies face substantial challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yangning Li , Zihua Lan , Lv Qingsong , Yinghui Li , Hai-Tao Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) hold promise for generating plans for complex tasks, but their effectiveness is limited by sequential execution, lack of control flow models, and difficulties in skill retrieval. Addressing these issues is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Andrei Cosmin Redis , Mohammadreza Fani Sani , Bahram Zarrin , Andrea Burattin

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive textual corpora have emerged as leading solutions for a broad array of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their notable performance, these models are prone to certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Yufei Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Liangyou Li , Fei Mi , Xingshan Zeng , Wenyong Huang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results on machine translation for high resource language pairs and domains. However, in specialised domains (e.g. medical) LLMs have shown lower performance compared to standard neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Miguel Rios

Large Language Models are expressive tools that enable complex tasks of text understanding within Computational Social Science. Their versatility, while beneficial, poses a barrier for establishing standardized best practices within the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Anders Giovanni Møller , Luca Maria Aiello

Joint multilingual instruction tuning is a widely adopted approach to improve the multilingual instruction-following ability and downstream performance of large language models (LLMs), but the resulting multilingual capability remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yangfan Ye , Xiaocheng Feng , Xiachong Feng , Lei Huang , Weitao Ma , Qichen Hong , Yunfei Lu , Duyu Tang , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle to provide up-to-date information due to their one-time training and the constantly evolving nature of the world. To keep LLMs current, existing approaches typically involve continued pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xiaoying Zhang , Baolin Peng , Ye Tian , Jingyan Zhou , Yipeng Zhang , Haitao Mi , Helen Meng

Extending large language models to effectively handle long contexts requires instruction fine-tuning on input sequences of similar length. To address this, we present LongAlign -- a recipe of the instruction data, training, and evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Yushi Bai , Xin Lv , Jiajie Zhang , Yuze He , Ji Qi , Lei Hou , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong , Juanzi Li

Instruction tuning is a crucial supervised training phase in Large Language Models (LLMs), aiming to enhance the LLM's ability to generalize instruction execution and adapt to user preferences. With the increasing integration of multi-modal…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chen Li , Yixiao Ge , Dian Li , Ying Shan

This paper introduces a novel dataset construction pipeline that samples pairs of frames from videos and uses multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to generate editing instructions for training instruction-based image manipulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Mingdeng Cao , Xuaner Zhang , Yinqiang Zheng , Zhihao Xia