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A simple proof of a strengthened form of the first law of black hole mechanics is presented. The proof is based directly upon the Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity, and it shows that the the first law variational formula holds…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert M. Wald

The first law of black hole mechanics has been the main motivation for investigating thermodynamic properties of black holes. The first version of this law was proved in \cite{Bardeen:1973gs} by considering perturbations of an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-09 Lorenzo Rossi

The first law of black hole mechanics is derived from the Einstein-Maxwell (EM) Lagrangian by comparing two infinitesimally nearby stationary black holes. With similar arguments, the first law of black hole mechanics in Einstein-Yang-Mills…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Sijie Gao

We re-derive the first law of black hole mechanics in the context of the Einstein-Maxwell theory in a gauge-invariant way introducing "momentum maps" associated to field strengths and the vectors that generate their symmetries. These…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-23 Zachary Elgood , Patrick Meessen , Tomas Ortin

Using the ADM formulation of the Einstein-Maxwell axion-dilaton gravity we derived the formulas for the variation of mass and other asymptotic conserved quantities in the theory under consideration. Generalizing this kind of reasoning to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Marek Rogatko

After considering the quantum corrections of Einstein-Maxwell theory, the effective theory will contain some higher-curvature terms and nonminimally coupled electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we study the first law of black holes in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-05 Jie Jiang , Aofei Sang , Ming Zhang

We derive a mass formula and a mass variation law for asymptotically flat, stationary spacetimes, invariant under two commuting rotational symmetries, in a general five dimensional theory of gravity coupled to an arbitrary set of Maxwell…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-01-15 Hari K. Kunduri , James Lucietti

First laws of black hole mechanics, or thermodynamics, come in a variety of different forms. In this paper, from a purely post-Newtonian (PN) analysis, we obtain a first law for binary systems of point masses moving along an exactly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-26 Alexandre Le Tiec , Luc Blanchet , Bernard F. Whiting

A property well known as the first law of black hole is a relation among infinitesimal variations of parameters of stationary black holes. We consider a dynamical version of the first law, which may be called the first law of black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Shinji Mukohyama , Sean A. Hayward

We derive general formulae for the first order variation of the ADM mass, angular momentum for linear perturbations of a stationary background in Einstein-Maxwell axion-dilaton gravity being the low-energy limit of the heterotic string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-30 Marek Rogatko

We investigate a previously constructed stationary solution of the vacuum Einstein equations, which represents a system of two non-extreme black holes with equal masses and opposite NUT charges, connected by a Misner string with tension.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-20 Gérard Clément

The Arnowitt-Deser-Misner formalism is used to derive variations of mass, angular momentum and canonical energy for Einstein-Maxwell {\it dark matter} gravity in which the auxiliary gauge field coupled via kinetic mixing term to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-10-28 Marek Rogatko

We generalize the first law of black hole mechanics to the rotating, charged C-metric and to the Ernst metric, both of which have the charged C-metric as a special case. All of these metrics are (3+1)-dimensional, have vanishing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-16 Adam Ball

We derive the first law of black hole mechanics for physical theories based on a local, covariant and gauge-invariant Lagrangian where the dynamical fields transform non-trivially under the action of internal gauge transformations. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-12 Kartik Prabhu

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamics of the charged NUT black hole with the Misner strings present in the Einstein-Maxwell gravity. We show that the Misner charge $N$ can be obtained by performing Komar integration over the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-11-13 Zhaohui Chen , Jie Jiang

It is well known that in general theories of gravity with the diffeomorphism symmetry, the black hole entropy is a Noether charge. But what will happen if the symmetry is explicitly broken? By investigating the covariant first law of black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-08 Shao-Feng Wu , Xian-Hui Ge , Yu-Xiao Liu

The Zeroth and First Laws of Black Hole Mechanics are derived in the context of non-linear electrodynamics coupled to gravity. The Zeroth Law is shown to hold quite generally even if the Dominant Energy Condition is violated. The derivation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 D. A. Rasheed

We extend the isolated horizon formalism to include rotating black holes arising in five dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) theory of gravity, and derive the laws of black hole mechanics. This result allows us to show that the first…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-29 Ayan Chatterjee , Sahil Devdutt , Avirup Ghosh

We derive formulas for variations of mass, angular momentum and canonical energy in Einstein (n-2)-gauge form field theory by means of the ADM formalism. Considering the initial data for the manifold with an interior boundary which has the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Marek Rogatko

We develop a general framework for electromagnetic potential-charge contributions to the first law of black hole mechanics, applicable to dynamical first-order perturbations of stationary black objects with possibly non-compact bifurcate…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-30 Manus R. Visser , Zihan Yan
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