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In this paper, we address the classification of instances each characterized not by a singular point, but by a distribution on a vector space. We employ the Wasserstein metric to measure distances between distributions, which are then used…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Jia Li , Lin Lin

We study data-driven decision problems where historical observations are generated by a time-evolving distribution whose consecutive shifts are bounded in Wasserstein distance. We address this nonstationarity using a distributionally robust…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-25 Dominic S. T. Keehan , Edward J. Anderson , Wolfram Wiesemann

Data-driven distributionally robust optimization is a recently emerging paradigm aimed at finding a solution that is driven by sample data but is protected against sampling errors. An increasingly popular approach, known as Wasserstein…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-20 Jonathan Yu-Meng Li , Tiantian Mao

A multivariate distribution can be described by a triangular transport map from the target distribution to a simple reference distribution. We propose Bayesian nonparametric inference on the transport map by modeling its components using…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-18 Matthias Katzfuss , Florian Schäfer

We extend the celebrated Stone's theorem to the framework of distributional regression. More precisely, we prove that weighted empirical distribution with local probability weights satisfying the conditions of Stone's theorem provide…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-03 Clément Dombry , Thibault Modeste , Romain Pic

The problem of learning functions over spaces of probabilities - or distribution regression - is gaining significant interest in the machine learning community. A key challenge behind this problem is to identify a suitable representation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-20 Dimitri Meunier , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

We consider stochastic programs where the distribution of the uncertain parameters is only observable through a finite training dataset. Using the Wasserstein metric, we construct a ball in the space of (multivariate and non-discrete)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-06-14 Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani , Daniel Kuhn

Regression analysis for responses taking values in general metric spaces has received increasing attention, particularly for settings with Euclidean predictors $X \in \mathbb{R}^p$ and non-Euclidean responses $Y$ in metric spaces. While…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-16 Wookyeong Song , Hans-Georg Müller

A novel variational inference based resampling framework is proposed to evaluate the robustness and generalization capability of deep learning models with respect to distribution shift. We use Auto Encoding Variational Bayes to find a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Xudong Sun , Alexej Gossmann , Yu Wang , Bernd Bischl

Optimal transport has found widespread applications in signal processing and machine learning. Among its many equivalent formulations, optimal transport seeks to reconstruct a random variable/vector with a prescribed distribution at the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jun Chen , Jia Wang , Ruibin Li , Han Zhou , Wei Dong , Huan Liu , Yuanhao Yu

Gaussian mixture models find their place as a powerful tool, mostly in the clustering problem, but with proper preparation also in feature extraction, pattern recognition, image segmentation and in general machine learning. When faced with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Mateusz Przyborowski , Mateusz Pabiś , Andrzej Janusz , Dominik Ślęzak

The Wasserstein distance has emerged as a key metric to quantify distances between probability distributions, with applications in various fields, including machine learning, control theory, decision theory, and biological systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Luca Laurenti

Optimal transport provides an inherently geometric and highly structured framework for studying spaces of probability measures, supplying a rich theoretical toolkit for contemporary statistics, machine learning, and generative modelling. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Riccardo Passeggeri , Rohan M. Shenoy , Pengcheng Ye

Many applications in machine learning involve data represented as probability distributions. The emergence of such data requires radically novel techniques to design tractable gradient flows on probability distributions over this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Clément Bonet , Christophe Vauthier , Anna Korba

Wasserstein Discriminant Analysis (WDA) is a new supervised method that can improve classification of high-dimensional data by computing a suitable linear map onto a lower dimensional subspace. Following the blueprint of classical Linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-21 Rémi Flamary , Marco Cuturi , Nicolas Courty , Alain Rakotomamonjy

Multivariate spatial fields are of interest in many applications, including climate model emulation. Not only can the marginal spatial fields be subject to nonstationarity, but the dependence structure among the marginal fields and between…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-21 Paul F. V. Wiemann , Matthias Katzfuss

In this manuscript, we study the problem of scalar-on-distribution regression; that is, instances where subject-specific distributions or densities, or in practice, repeated measures from those distributions, are the covariates related to a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-22 Bohao Tang , Sandipan Pramanik , Yi Zhao , Brian Caffo , Abhirup Datta

We study the problem of model aggregation within the Wasserstein space for probability measures on the real line. Given a fixed finite collection of candidate probability models, we consider the associated class of Wasserstein barycenters…

We present a nonparametric framework to model a short sequence of probability distributions that vary both due to underlying effects of sequential progression and confounding noise. To distinguish between these two types of variation and…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-08 Jonas Mueller , Tommi Jaakkola , David Gifford

Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization estimators are obtained as solutions of min-max problems in which the statistician selects a parameter minimizing the worst-case loss among all probability models within a certain distance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-04 Jose Blanchet , Karthyek Murthy , Nian Si