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We introduce and characterize the independent fluctuating two-ray (IFTR) fading model, a class of fading models consisting of two specular components which fluctuate independently, plus a diffuse component modeled as a complex Gaussian…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Maryam Olyaee , José A. Cortés , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , José F. Paris , Juan M. Romero-Jerez

We present two alternative formulations for the distribution of the fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading model, which simplify its statistical characterization and subsequent use for performance evaluation. New expressions for the probability…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Maryam Olyaee , Juan M. Romero-Jerez , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , Andrea J. Goldsmith

We introduce the Fluctuating Two-Ray (FTR) fading model, a new statistical channel model that consists of two fluctuating specular components with random phases plus a diffuse component. The FTR model arises as the natural generalization of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Juan M. Romero-Jerez , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , José F. Paris , Andrea J. Goldsmith

The fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading model provides a much better fit than other fading models for small-scale fading measurements in millimeter wave communications. In this paper, using a mixture of gamma distributions, new exact…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-26 Jiayi Zhang , Wen Zeng , Xu Li , Qiang Sun , Kostas P. Peppas

We present a composite wireless fading model encompassing multipath fading and shadowing based on fluctuating two-ray (FTR) fading and inverse gamma (IG) shadowing. We first determine an alternative framework for the statistical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Maryam Olyaee , Juan M. Romero-Jerez , F. Javier López-Martínez , Andrea J. Goldsmith

We introduce a new class of fading channels, built as the superposition of two fluctuating specular components with random phases, plus a clustering of scattered waves: the Multi-cluster Fluctuating Two-Ray (MFTR) fading channel. The MFTR…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 José David Vega Sánchez , F. Javier López-Martínez , José F. Paris , Juan M. Romero-Jerez

As new wireless standards are developed, the use of higher operation frequencies comes in hand with new use cases and propagation effects that differ from the well-established state of the art. Numerous stochastic fading models have…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-16 Juan E. Galeote-Cazorla , Alejandro Ramírez-Arroyo , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , Juan F. Valenzuela-Valdés

The wireless channel of 5G communications will have unique characteristics that can not be fully apprehended by the traditional fading models. For instance, the wireless channel may often be dominated by a finite number of specular…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Young Jin Chun

This paper presents exact formulas for the probability distribution function (PDF) and moment generating function (MGF) of the sum-product of statistically independent but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) Nakagami-$m$…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hamid Amiriara , Mahtab Mirmohseni , Farid Ashtiani , Masoumeh Nasiri-Kenari

The incomplete moment generating function (IMGF) has paramount relevance in communication theory, since it appears in a plethora of scenarios when analyzing the performance of communication systems. We here present a general method for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-30 F. J. Lopez-Martinez , J. M. Romero-Jerez , J. F. Paris

The recently proposed Fluctuating Two-Ray (FTR) model is gaining momentum as a reference fading model in scenarios where two dominant specular waves are present. Despite the numerous research works devoted to the performance analysis under…

In this paper, a novel gamma-shadowed two-ray with diffuse power (GS-TWDP) composite fading model is proposed. The model is intended for modeling propagation in the emerging wireless networks working at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-07 Pamela Njemcevic , Almir Maric

The probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function of the sum of L independent but not necessarily identically distributed Gamma variates, applicable to the output statistics of maximal ratio combining (MRC)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Imran Shafique Ansari , Ferkan Yilmaz , Mohamed-Slim Alouini , Oğuz Kucur

We introduce and characterize the Multi-cluster Two-Wave (MTW) fading model, which generalizes \textit{both} the Durgin's Two-Wave with Diffuse Power (TWDP) and the $\kappa$-$\mu$ models under a common umbrella. The MTW model consists of an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Maryam Olyaee , Juan P. Pena-Martin , F. J. Lopez-Martinez , Juan M. Romero-Jerez

We analyze a class of Generalized Two-Ray (GTR) fading channels that consist of two line of sight (LOS) components with random phase plus a diffuse component. We derive a closed form expression for the moment generating function (MGF) of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Milind Rao , F. Javier Lopez-Martinez , Mohamed-Slim Alouini , Andrea Goldsmith

In this paper, new exact and approximate moment generating functions (MGF) expression for generalized fading models are derived. Specifically, we consider the ${\eta}-{\lambda}-{\mu}$, ${\alpha}-{\mu}$, ${\alpha}-{\eta}-{\mu}$,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Ehab Salahat , Ali Hakam , Nazar Ali , Ahmed Kulaib

Stochastic geometry (SG) has been widely accepted as a fundamental tool for modeling and analyzing cellular networks. However, the fading models used with SG analysis are mainly confined to the simplistic Rayleigh fading, which is extended…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Ahmad AlAmmouri , Hesham ElSawy , Ahmed Sultan-Salem , Marco Di Renzo , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the important performance metrics like effective capacity and symbol error rate over fluctuating Nakagami-m fading channel. This distribution is obtained from the ratio of two random variables,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Manpreet Kaur , Puspraj Singh Chauhan , Sandeep Kumar , Pappu Kumar Verma

The recent advancements in autonomous and remote operation of maritime vessels necessitates the development of robust and reliable communication systems to support high-bandwidth applications such as real-time monitoring, navigation, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Antoine Thibault Vié , Roberto Galeazzi , Dimitrios Papagergiou

The Lognormal distribution is a fundamental statistical model widely used in different fields of science, including biology, finance, economics, engineering, etc. In wireless communications, it is the primary statistic for large-scale…

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