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Recent advances in large pretrained language models have increased attention to zero-shot text classification. In particular, models finetuned on natural language inference datasets have been widely adopted as zero-shot classifiers due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ariel Gera , Alon Halfon , Eyal Shnarch , Yotam Perlitz , Liat Ein-Dor , Noam Slonim

The cold-start user issue further compromises the effectiveness of recommender systems in limiting access to the historical behavioral information. It is an effective pipeline to optimize instructional prompts on a few-shot large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Haowei Yang , Yushang Zhao , Sitao Min , Bo Su , Chao Yao , Wei Xu

KnowledgeTracing (KT) involves predicting students' knowledge states based on their interactions with Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). A key challenge is the cold start problem, accurately predicting knowledge for new students with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Indronil Bhattacharjee , Christabel Wayllace

There is much empirical evidence that item-item collaborative filtering works well in practice. Motivated to understand this, we provide a framework to design and analyze various recommendation algorithms. The setup amounts to online binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-11 Guy Bresler , Devavrat Shah , Luis F. Voloch

Zero-shot learning, the task of learning to recognize new classes not seen during training, has received considerable attention in the case of 2D image classification. However despite the increasing ubiquity of 3D sensors, the corresponding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Ali Cheraghian , Shafin Rahman , Dylan Campbell , Lars Petersson

Auditing financial documents is a very tedious and time-consuming process. As of today, it can already be simplified by employing AI-based solutions to recommend relevant text passages from a report for each legal requirement of rigorous…

Zero-shot imitation learning algorithms hold the promise of reproducing unseen behavior from as little as a single demonstration at test time. Existing practical approaches view the expert demonstration as a sequence of goals, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Thomas Rupf , Marco Bagatella , Nico Gürtler , Jonas Frey , Georg Martius

Federated learning is an effective way of extracting insights from different user devices while preserving the privacy of users. However, new classes with completely unseen data distributions can stream across any device in a federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Gautham Krishna Gudur , Satheesh K. Perepu

How can we reuse existing knowledge, in the form of available datasets, when solving a new and apparently unrelated target task from a set of unlabeled data? In this work we make a first contribution to answer this question in the context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-10-07 Efstratios Gavves , Thomas Mensink , Tatiana Tommasi , Cees G. M. Snoek , Tinne Tuytelaars

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) has attracted huge research attention over the past few years; it aims to learn the new concepts that have never been seen before. In classical ZSL algorithms, attributes are introduced as the intermediate semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Bo Zhao , Yanwei Fu , Rui Liang , Jiahong Wu , Yonggang Wang , Yizhou Wang

There is a rising interest in further exploring the zero-shot learning potential of large pre-trained language models (PLMs). A new paradigm called data-generation-based zero-shot learning has achieved impressive success. In this paradigm,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Jiahui Gao , Renjie Pi , Yong Lin , Hang Xu , Jiacheng Ye , Zhiyong Wu , Weizhong Zhang , Xiaodan Liang , Zhenguo Li , Lingpeng Kong

While deep learning, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs), has significantly advanced classification performance, its typical reliance on extensive annotated datasets presents a major obstacle in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Matheus Vinícius Todescato , Joel Luís Carbonera

This work improves the quality of automated machine learning (AutoML) systems by using dataset and function descriptions while significantly decreasing computation time from minutes to milliseconds by using a zero-shot approach. Given a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Nikhil Singh , Brandon Kates , Jeff Mentch , Anant Kharkar , Madeleine Udell , Iddo Drori

This work addresses a fundamental barrier in recommender systems: the inability to generalize across domains without extensive retraining. Traditional ID-based approaches fail entirely in cold-start and cross-domain scenarios where new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Yangqin Jiang , Xubin Ren , Lianghao Xia , Da Luo , Kangyi Lin , Chao Huang

Few-shot Learning aims to learn and distinguish new categories with a very limited number of available images, presenting a significant challenge in the realm of deep learning. Recent researchers have sought to leverage the additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Chunpeng Zhou , Haishuai Wang , Xilu Yuan , Zhi Yu , Jiajun Bu

Diffusion models recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for recommender systems, offering state-of-the-art performance by modeling the generative process of user-item interactions. However, training such models from scratch is both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yu Hou , Hua Li , Ha Young Kim , Won-Yong Shin

Most current recommender systems primarily focus on what to recommend, assuming users always require personalized recommendations. However, with the widely spread of ChatGPT and other chatbots, a more crucial problem in the context of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Zhefan Wang , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

Recommender systems aim to provide item recommendations for users, and are usually faced with data sparsity problem (e.g., cold start) in real-world scenarios. Recently pre-trained models have shown their effectiveness in knowledge transfer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Zheni Zeng , Chaojun Xiao , Yuan Yao , Ruobing Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Fen Lin , Leyu Lin , Maosong Sun

The continual learning setting aims to learn new tasks over time without forgetting the previous ones. The literature reports several significant efforts to tackle this problem with limited or no access to previous task data. Among such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Vishal Thengane , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Khan

Existing recommender systems face difficulties with zero-shot items, i.e. items that have no historical interactions with users during the training stage. Though recent works extract universal item representation via pre-trained language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Ziwei Fan , Zhiwei Liu , Shelby Heinecke , Jianguo Zhang , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong , Philip S. Yu