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The proposed delta-sigma modulator ($\Delta\Sigma$M) based signal acquisition architecture uses a differential difference amplifier (DDA) customized for dual purpose roles, namely as instrumentation amplifier and as integrator of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-10 Joydeep Basu , Pradip Mandal

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as the go to solution for addressing the von Neumann bottleneck in edge AI accelerators. However, state-of-the-art (SoTA) digital PIM approaches suffer from low compute density, primarily due to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mukul Lokhande , Narendra Singh Dhakad , Seema Chouhan , Akash Sankhe , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

Based on the ASIC layout level simulation of 7 types of adder structures each of four different sizes, i.e. a total of 28 adders, we propose expressions for the width of each of the three regions of the final Carry Propagate Adder (CPA) to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-10-18 Ramkumar B. , Harish M. Kittur

The quantum and reversible paradigm merges the principles of quantum mechanics and reversible computation to enable information-preserving processing. It supports next-generation computing architectures that provide improved scalability and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Negin Mashayekhi , Mohammad Reza Reshadinezhad , Antonio Rubio , Shekoofeh Moghimi

Due to the power consumption and high circuit cost in antenna arrays, the practical application of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in the sixth generation (6G) and future wireless networks is still challenging. Employing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Baihua Shi , Qi Zhang , Rongen Dong , Qijuan Jie , Shihao Yan , Feng Shu , Jiangzhou Wang

Fast combinational multipliers with large bit widths can occupy significant silicon area, which also drives up power consumption. Area can be reduced through resource sharing (i.e., folding) at the expense of lower throughput, which is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ahmad Houraniah , H. Fatih Ugurdag , C. Emre Dedeagac

The increasing computational demand of AI workloads has intensified the need for energy-efficient in-memory and near-memory computing architectures, particularly because data movement often consumes significantly more energy than…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sarthak Antal , Steve Enosh

Adder cells using Gate Diffusion Technique (GDI) & PTL-GDI technique are described in this paper. GDI technique allows reducing power consumption, propagation delay and low PDP (power delay product) whereas Pass Transistor Logic (PTL)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2012-07-13 Rajkumar Sarma , Veerati Raju

Optimization techniques for decreasing the time and area of adder circuits have been extensively studied for years mostly in binary logic system. In this paper, we provide the necessary equations required to design a full adder in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2010-09-15 Anindya Das , Ifat Jahangir , Masud Hasan

Reduced-precision and variable-precision multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations provide opportunities to significantly improve energy efficiency and throughput of DNN accelerators with no/limited algorithmic performance loss, paving a way…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Ehab M. Ibrahim , Linyan Mei , Marian Verhelst

This paper proposes an low power approximate multiplier architecture for deep neural network (DNN) applications. A 4:2 compressor, introducing only a single combination error, is designed and integrated into an 8x8 unsigned multiplier. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Pragun Jaswal , L. Hemanth Krishna , B. Srinivasu

This article presents two area/latency optimized gate level asynchronous full adder designs which correspond to early output logic. The proposed full adders are constructed using the delay-insensitive dual-rail code and adhere to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-04-15 P Balasubramanian , S Yamashita

Vector-Matrix Multiplication (VMM) is the fundamental and frequently required computation in inference of Neural Networks (NN). Due to the large data movement required during inference, VMM can benefit greatly from in-memory computing.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Felix Zeller , John Reuben , Dietmar Fey

In modern computing units, division operations are generally slower than other arithmetic operations and require more resources, such as area and power, than multiplication. To reduce the delay, fast division algorithms use an initial…

In this paper, we present an energy-efficient, yet high-speed approximate maximally redundant signed digit (MRSD) multiplier (called AMR-MUL) based on a parallel structure. For the reduction stage, we suggest several approximate Full-Adder…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Saba Amanollahi , Mehdi Kamal , Ali-Afzali-Kusha , Massoud Pedram

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the emerging nanotechnologies, promising alternative to CMOS technology due to faster speed, smaller size, lower power consumption, higher scale integration and higher switching frequency. Also,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Moein Sarvaghad-Moghaddam , Ali A. Orouji

We propose an optimization method for the automatic design of approximate multipliers, which minimizes the average error according to the operand distributions. Our multiplier achieves up to 50.24% higher accuracy than the best reproduced…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Su Zheng , Zhen Li , Yao Lu , Jingbo Gao , Jide Zhang , Lingli Wang

Deep neural networks are widely deployed in many fields. Due to the in-situ computation (known as processing in memory) capacity of the Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) crossbar, ReRAM-based accelerator shows potential in accelerating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Chenguang Zhang , Zhihang Yuan , Xingchen Li , Guangyu Sun

Vector multiplication is a fundamental operation for AI acceleration, responsible for over 85% of computational load in convolution tasks. While essential, these operations are primary drivers of area, power, and delay in modern datapath…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Md Rownak Hossain Chowdhury , Mostafizur Rahman

A practical deep neural network's (DNN) evaluation involves thousands of multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. To extend DNN's superior inference capabilities to energy constrained devices, architectures and circuits that minimize…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Aditya Shukla