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Probing techniques for large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on English, overlooking the vast majority of the world's languages. In this paper, we extend these probing methods to a multilingual context, investigating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Daoyang Li , Haiyan Zhao , Qingcheng Zeng , Mengnan Du

Linguistic features have shown promising applications for detecting various cognitive impairments. To improve detection accuracies, increasing the amount of data or the number of linguistic features have been two applicable approaches.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-29 Zining Zhu , Jekaterina Novikova , Frank Rudzicz

Grammatical features across human languages show intriguing correlations often attributed to learning biases in humans. However, empirical evidence has been limited to experiments with highly simplified artificial languages, and whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Tianyang Xu , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Yohei Oseki , Ryan Cotterell , Alex Warstadt

Multilingual NLP is often treated as a route to global inclusion, but linguistic coverage and cultural competence frequently diverge. This paper synthesizes over 50 papers spanning multilingual performance inequality, cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sina Bagheri Nezhad

Ensuring native-like quality of large language model (LLM) responses across many languages is challenging. To address this, we introduce MENLO, a framework that operationalizes the evaluation of native-like response quality based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenxi Whitehouse , Sebastian Ruder , Tony Lin , Oksana Kurylo , Haruka Takagi , Janice Lam , Nicolò Busetto , Denise Diaz , Francisco Guzmán

We introduce an autonomous multiagent framework for mechanistic interpretability that automates both explaining and finding internal features in large language models. The system runs two coupled loops: (1) explanation refinement, where an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Arnau Marin-Llobet , Javier Ferrando

Multimodal models excel in English, supported by abundant image-text and audio-text data, but performance drops sharply for other languages due to limited multilingual multimodal resources. Existing solutions rely on machine translation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Piyush Singh Pasi

Despite the existence of various benchmarks for evaluating natural language processing models, we argue that human exams are a more suitable means of evaluating general intelligence for large language models (LLMs), as they inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Wenxuan Zhang , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Chang Gao , Yew Ken Chia , Lidong Bing

Recent advancements in NLP have given us models like mBERT and XLMR that can serve over 100 languages. The languages that these models are evaluated on, however, are very few in number, and it is unlikely that evaluation datasets will cover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Anirudh Srinivasan , Sunayana Sitaram , Tanuja Ganu , Sandipan Dandapat , Kalika Bali , Monojit Choudhury

Understanding how styles differ across languages is advantageous for training both humans and computers to generate culturally appropriate text. We introduce an explanation framework to extract stylistic differences from multilingual LMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Shreya Havaldar , Matthew Pressimone , Eric Wong , Lyle Ungar

Effective evaluation of language models remains an open challenge in NLP. Researchers and engineers face methodological issues such as the sensitivity of models to evaluation setup, difficulty of proper comparisons across methods, and the…

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit failure modes on seemingly trivial tasks. We propose a formalisation of LLM interaction using a deterministic multi-tape Turing machine, where each tape represents a distinct component: input characters,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Magnus Boman

This paper introduces a Dual Evaluation Framework to comprehensively assess the multilingual capabilities of LLMs. By decomposing the evaluation along the dimensions of linguistic medium and cultural context, this framework enables a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jiahao Ying , Wei Tang , Yiran Zhao , Yixin Cao , Yu Rong , Wenxuan Zhang

Multilingual pretrained language models (mPLMs) acquire valuable, generalizable linguistic information during pretraining and have advanced the state of the art on task-specific finetuning. To date, only ~31 out of ~2,000 African languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ife Adebara , AbdelRahim Elmadany , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Alcides Alcoba Inciarte

Figures of speech help people express abstract concepts and evoke stronger emotions than literal expressions, thereby making texts more creative and engaging. Due to its pervasive and fundamental character, figurative language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Huiyuan Lai , Antonio Toral , Malvina Nissim

Large Language Models (LLMs), often show strong performance on English tasks, while exhibiting limitations on other languages. What is an LLM's multilingual capability when it is trained only on certain languages? The underlying mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Fei Yuan , Shuai Yuan , Zhiyong Wu , Lei Li

Given the complexity of combinations of tasks, languages, and domains in natural language processing (NLP) research, it is computationally prohibitive to exhaustively test newly proposed models on each possible experimental setting. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Mengzhou Xia , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Ruochen Xu , Yiming Yang , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLMs) have recently reached an impressive level of linguistic capability, prompting comparisons with human language skills. However, there have been relatively few systematic inquiries into the linguistic capabilities…

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

Pre-trained transformer language models (TLMs) have recently refashioned natural language processing (NLP): Most state-of-the-art NLP models now operate on top of TLMs to benefit from contextualization and knowledge induction. To explain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Karolina Zaczynska , Nils Feldhus , Robert Schwarzenberg , Aleksandra Gabryszak , Sebastian Möller