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Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning paradigm concerned with learning to control a system so as to maximize an objective over the long term. This approach to learning has received immense interest in recent times and success manifests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Sanyam Kapoor

Continual reinforcement learning (CRL) refers to a naturalistic setting where an agent needs to endlessly evolve, by trial and error, to solve multiple tasks that are presented sequentially. One of the largest obstacles to CRL is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zichen Liu , Guoji Fu , Chao Du , Wee Sun Lee , Min Lin

Continual learning aims to learn continuously from a stream of tasks and data in an online-learning fashion, being capable of exploiting what was learned previously to improve current and future tasks while still being able to perform well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Quang Pham , Doyen Sahoo , Chenghao Liu , Steven C. H Hoi

Unlike humans, who are capable of continual learning over their lifetimes, artificial neural networks have long been known to suffer from a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting, whereby new learning can lead to abrupt erasure of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Christos Kaplanis , Murray Shanahan , Claudia Clopath

Continual learning consists of algorithms that learn from a stream of data/tasks continuously and adaptively thought time, enabling the incremental development of ever more complex knowledge and skills. The lack of consensus in evaluating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez , Vincenzo Lomonaco , David Filliat , Davide Maltoni

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant challenges to the education and workforce skills required to take advantage of AI for human-AI collaboration in the workplace. As AI continues to reshape…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Margarida Romero

Continual learning is often motivated by the idea, known as the big world hypothesis, that "the world is bigger" than the agent. Recent problem formulations capture this idea by explicitly constraining an agent relative to the environment.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Alex Lewandowski , Adtiya A. Ramesh , Edan Meyer , Dale Schuurmans , Marlos C. Machado

We address the problem of learning to assign prediction tasks to one agent from a set of available human or AI agents. In particular, we focus on the sequential learning of agent expertise and assignment policies where each agent is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shang Wu , Saatvik Kher , Padhraic Smyth

Active learning agents typically employ a query selection algorithm which solely considers the agent's learning objectives. However, this may be insufficient in more realistic human domains. This work uses imitation learning to enable an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Kalesha Bullard , Yannick Schroecker , Sonia Chernova

Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents have rapidly evolved from specialized, rule-based programs to versatile, learning-driven autonomous systems capable of perception, reasoning, and action in complex environments. The explosion of data,…

Reinforcement learning defines the problem facing agents that learn to make good decisions through action and observation alone. To be effective problem solvers, such agents must efficiently explore vast worlds, assign credit from delayed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 David Abel

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

Humans learn all their life long. They accumulate knowledge from a sequence of learning experiences and remember the essential concepts without forgetting what they have learned previously. Artificial neural networks struggle to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Timothée Lesort

Computer network defence is a complicated task that has necessitated a high degree of human involvement. However, with recent advancements in machine learning, fully autonomous network defence is becoming increasingly plausible. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Myles Foley , Mia Wang , Zoe M , Chris Hicks , Vasilios Mavroudis

This book chapter delves into the dynamics of continual learning, which is the process of incrementally learning from a non-stationary stream of data. Although continual learning is a natural skill for the human brain, it is very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Gido M. van de Ven , Nicholas Soures , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

In this work we create agents that can perform well beyond a single, individual task, that exhibit much wider generalisation of behaviour to a massive, rich space of challenges. We define a universe of tasks within an environment domain and…

Continual learning (CL) aims to constantly learn new knowledge over time while avoiding catastrophic forgetting on old tasks. In this work, we focus on continual text classification under the class-incremental setting. Recent CL studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Yifan Song , Peiyi Wang , Dawei Zhu , Tianyu Liu , Zhifang Sui , Sujian Li

Continual learning aims to learn new tasks without forgetting previously learned ones. We hypothesize that representations learned to solve each task in a sequence have a shared structure while containing some task-specific properties. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Sayna Ebrahimi , Franziska Meier , Roberto Calandra , Trevor Darrell , Marcus Rohrbach

Humans are highly effective at utilizing prior knowledge to adapt to novel tasks, a capability that standard machine learning models struggle to replicate due to their reliance on task-specific training. Meta-learning overcomes this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Björn Hoppmann , Christoph Scholz

Autonomous agents operating in domains such as robotics or video game simulations must adapt to changing tasks without forgetting about the previous ones. This process called Continual Reinforcement Learning poses non-trivial difficulties,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anthony Kobanda , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard , Rémy Portelas