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The rapid development of the semiconductor industry and the ubiquity of electronic devices have led to a significant increase in the counterfeiting of integrated circuits (ICs). This poses a major threat to public health, the banking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Runze Liu , Prasun Datta , Anirudh Nakra , Chau-Wai Wong , Min Wu

Disordered photonic structures are promising materials for the realization of physical unclonable functions (PUF), physical objects that can overcome the limitations of conventional digital security methods and that enable cryptographic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Sara Nocentini , Ulrich Rührmair , Mauro Barni , Diederik S. Wiersma , Francesco Riboli

As cloud-based quantum computing expands, securing access to quantum hardware is increasingly critical. We present an authentication protocol that leverages intrinsic quantum device properties to construct Quantum Physical Unclonable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Behnam Tonekaboni , Pranav Gokhale , Kaitlin N. Smith

In this work the novel usage of a physically unclonable function composed of a network of Mach-Zehnder interferometers for authentication tasks is described. The physically unclonable function hardware is completely reconfigurable, allowing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-21 H S. Jacinto , A. Matthew Smith

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are gaining attention in the cryptography community because of the ability to efficiently harness the intrinsic variability in the manufacturing process. However, this means that they are noisy devices…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Xinhui Lai , Maksim Jenihhin , Georgios Selimis , Sven Goossens , Roel Maes , Kolin Paul

Detecting counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) in unreliable supply chains demands robust tracking and authentication. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) offer unique IC identifiers, but noise undermines their utility. This study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Fairuz Shadmani Shishir , Md Mashfiq Rizvee , Tanvir Hossain , Tamzidul Hoque , Domenic Forte , Sumaiya Shomaji

Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) circuits are finding widespread use due to increasing adoption of IoT devices. However, the existing strong PUFs such as Arbiter PUFs (APUF) and its compositions are susceptible to machine learning (ML)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Nimesh Shah , Manaar Alam , Durga Prasad Sahoo , Debdeep Mukhopadhyay , Arindam Basu

The current chapter aims at establishing a relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and hardware security. Such a connection between AI and software security has been confirmed and well-reviewed in the relevant literature. The main…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Fatemeh Ganji , Shahin Tajik

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based embedded systems have become mainstream in the last decade, often in security-sensitive applications. However, even with an authenticated hardware platform, compromised software can severely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Sneha Swaroopa , Venkata Sreekanth Balijabudda , Rajat Subhra Chakraborty , Indrajit Chakrabarti

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) leverage inherent, non-clonable physical randomness to generate unique input-output pairs, serving as secure fingerprints for cryptographic protocols like authentication. Quantum PUFs (QPUFs) extend this…

The characteristic novelty of what is generally meant by a "physical unclonable function" (PUF) is precisely defined, in order to supply a firm basis for security evaluations and the proposal of new security mechanisms. A PUF is defined as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-05 Rainer Plaga , Frank Koob

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are potential security blocks to generate unique and more secure keys in low-cost cryptographic applications. Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) has been proposed as one of the promising candidates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-02 B. M. S. Bahar Talukder , Biswajit Ray , Domenic Forte , Md Tauhidur Rahman

The lack of stability is one of the major limitations that constrains PUF from being put in widespread practical use. In this paper, we propose a weak PUF and a strong PUF that are both completely stable with 0% intra-distance. These PUFs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-23 Wei-Che Wang , Yair Yona , Suhas Diggavi , Puneet Gupta

A physical unclonable function (PUF) generates hardware intrinsic volatile secrets by exploiting uncontrollable manufacturing randomness. Although PUFs provide the potential for lightweight and secure authentication for increasing numbers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Yansong Gao , Marten van Dijk , Lei Xu , Wei Yang , Surya Nepal , Damith C. Ranasinghe

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) provide hardware-level security by exploiting intrinsic randomness to produce device-unique responses. However, machine learning and side-channel attacks increasingly undermine their classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Mohammadreza Vali , Hossein Aghababa , Nasser Yazdani

Encryption techniques demonstrate a great deal of security when implemented in an optical system (such as holography) due to the inherent physical properties of light and the precision it demands. However, such systems have shown to be…

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have become an important and promising hardware primitive for device fingerprinting, device identification, or key storage. Intrinsic PUFs leverage components already found in existing devices, unlike…

Weak physical uncloneable function (WPUF) encryption key means that the manufacturer of the hardware can clone the key but anybody else is unable to so that. Strong physical uncloneable function (SPUF) encryption key means that even the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-12-18 Laszlo B. Kish , Chiman Kwan

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) can be employed for device identification, authentication, secret key storage, and other security tasks. However, PUFs are susceptible to modeling attacks if a number of PUFs' challenge-response pairs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Mahmood Azhar Qureshi , Arslan Munir

As the demand for highly secure and dependable lightweight systems increases in the modern world, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) continue to promise a lightweight alternative to high-cost encryption techniques and secure key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Owen Millwood , Jack Miskelly , Bohao Yang , Prosanta Gope , Elif Kavun , Chenghua Lin