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We propose a general framework for studying adaptive regret bounds in the online learning framework, including model selection bounds and data-dependent bounds. Given a data- or model-dependent bound we ask, "Does there exist some algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Dylan J. Foster , Alexander Rakhlin , Karthik Sridharan

Replicability is a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), as RL algorithms are empirically observed to be unstable and sensitive to variations in training conditions. To formally address this issue, we study \emph{list…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Bohan Zhang , Michael Chen , A. Pavan , N. V. Vinodchandran , Lin F. Yang , Ruosong Wang

We consider the problem of online classification under a privacy constraint. In this setting a learner observes sequentially a stream of labelled examples $(x_t, y_t)$, for $1 \leq t \leq T$, and returns at each iteration $t$ a hypothesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Noah Golowich , Roi Livni

This paper studies classification with an abstention option in the online setting. In this setting, examples arrive sequentially, the learner is given a hypothesis class $\mathcal H$, and the goal of the learner is to either predict a label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Chicheng Zhang , Kamalika Chaudhuri

We consider online and PAC learning of Littlestone classes subject to the constraint of approximate differential privacy. Our main result is a private learner to online-learn a Littlestone class with a mistake bound of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-02 Xin Lyu

The predict-then-optimize paradigm bridges online learning and contextual optimization in dynamic environments. Previous works have investigated the sequential updating of predictors using feedback from downstream decisions to minimize…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Zhuojun Xie , Adam Abdin , Yiping Fang

We initiate the study of tolerant adversarial PAC-learning with respect to metric perturbation sets. In adversarial PAC-learning, an adversary is allowed to replace a test point $x$ with an arbitrary point in a closed ball of radius $r$…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-16 Hassan Ashtiani , Vinayak Pathak , Ruth Urner

Approximate learning machines have become popular in the era of small devices, including quantised, factorised, hashed, or otherwise compressed predictors, and the quest to explain and guarantee good generalisation abilities for such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Andrew J. Turner , Ata Kabán

We present the first nearly optimal differentially private PAC learner for any concept class with VC dimension 1 and Littlestone dimension $d$. Our algorithm achieves the sample complexity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Chao Yan

The problem of statistical learning is to construct an accurate predictor of a random variable as a function of a correlated random variable on the basis of an i.i.d. training sample from their joint distribution. Allowable predictors are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-04-30 Maxim Raginsky

Most models of machine teaching and learning assume the learner makes no errors in its internal deductive inference. However, humans and large language models in few-shot learning regimes are two important examples of learners where this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jan Arne Telle , Brigt Håvardstun , Jose Hernandez-Orallo

We study computationally and statistically efficient reinforcement learning under the linear $Q^{\pi}$ realizability assumption, where any policy's $Q$-function is linear in a given state-action feature representation. Prior methods in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yijing Ke , Zihan Zhang , Ruosong Wang

In this paper, we study PAC learnability and certification of predictions under instance-targeted poisoning attacks, where the adversary who knows the test instance may change a fraction of the training set with the goal of fooling the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Ji Gao , Amin Karbasi , Mohammad Mahmoody

Two seminal papers--Alon, Livni, Malliaris, Moran (STOC 2019) and Bun, Livni, and Moran (FOCS 2020)--established the equivalence between online learnability and globally stable PAC learnability in binary classification. However, Chase,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ari Blondal , Shan Gao , Hamed Hatami , Pooya Hatami

Personalized alignment aims to adapt large language models to heterogeneous user preferences, yet the precise theoretical conditions for its statistical efficiency have not been formally established. This paper characterizes the conditions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Enoch Hyunwook Kang

In this paper, an online learning algorithm is proposed as sequential stochastic approximation of a regularization path converging to the regression function in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs). We show that it is possible to…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-01-23 Pierre Tarrès , Yuan Yao

Establishing a low-dimensional representation of the data leads to efficient data learning strategies. In many cases, the reduced dimension needs to be explicitly stated and estimated from the data. We explore the estimation of dimension in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-10 Wei Q. Deng , Radu V. Craiu

Motivated by practical needs such as large-scale learning, we study the impact of adaptivity constraints to linear contextual bandits, a central problem in online active learning. We consider two popular limited adaptivity models in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Yufei Ruan , Jiaqi Yang , Yuan Zhou

Laws of large numbers guarantee that given a large enough sample from some population, the measure of any fixed sub-population is well-estimated by its frequency in the sample. We study laws of large numbers in sampling processes that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Noga Alon , Omri Ben-Eliezer , Yuval Dagan , Shay Moran , Moni Naor , Eylon Yogev

We investigate the sample complexity of learning the optimal arm for multi-task bandit problems. Arms consist of two components: one that is shared across tasks (that we call representation) and one that is task-specific (that we call…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-29 Alessio Russo , Alexandre Proutiere