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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved human-level fluency in text generation, making it difficult to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated texts. This poses a growing risk of misuse of LLMs and demands the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly transformed the creation of written materials. LLMs have led to questions about writing integrity, thereby driving the creation of artificial intelligence (AI) detection technologies. Adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Hulayyil Alshammari , Praveen Rao

With the launch of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have attracted global attention. In the realm of article writing, LLMs have witnessed extensive utilization, giving rise to concerns related to intellectual property protection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

Pre-trained Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) provide a knowledge-rich foundation for post-training by leveraging their inherent perception and reasoning capabilities to solve complex tasks. However, the lack of an efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yunshuang Nie , Bingqian Lin , Minzhe Niu , Kun Xiang , Jianhua Han , Guowei Huang , Xingyue Quan , Hang Xu , Bokui Chen , Xiaodan Liang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved human-level text generation, emphasizing the need for effective AI-generated text detection to mitigate risks like the spread of fake news and plagiarism. Existing research has been constrained by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yafu Li , Qintong Li , Leyang Cui , Wei Bi , Zhilin Wang , Longyue Wang , Linyi Yang , Shuming Shi , Yue Zhang

An ideal detection system for machine generated content is supposed to work well on any generator as many more advanced LLMs come into existence day by day. Existing systems often struggle with accurately identifying AI-generated content…

The powerful ability to understand, follow, and generate complex language emerging from large language models (LLMs) makes LLM-generated text flood many areas of our daily lives at an incredible speed and is widely accepted by humans. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Junchao Wu , Shu Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Yulin Yuan , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

Large language model (LLM) watermarking has shown promise in detecting AI-generated content and mitigating misuse, with prior work claiming robustness against paraphrasing and text editing. In this paper, we argue that existing evaluations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hanbo Huang , Yiran Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xuan Gong , Yihan Li , Lin Liu , Zhuotao Liu , Shiyu Liang

Natural Language Generation has been rapidly developing with the advent of large language models (LLMs). While their usage has sparked significant attention from the general public, it is important for readers to be aware when a piece of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Hiu Ting Lau , Arkaitz Zubiaga

With the advent of large language models (LLMs), it has become common practice for users to draft text and utilize LLMs to enhance its quality through paraphrasing. However, this process can sometimes result in the loss or distortion of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Hoang-Quoc Nguyen-Son , Minh-Son Dao , Koji Zettsu

The burgeoning progress in the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) heralds significant benefits due to their unparalleled capacities. However, it is critical to acknowledge the potential misuse of these models, which could give rise to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Haolan Zhan , Xuanli He , Qiongkai Xu , Yuxiang Wu , Pontus Stenetorp

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attained human-level fluency in text generation, which complicates the distinguishing between human-written and LLM-generated texts. This increases the risk of misuse and highlights the need for reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zheng Chen , Yushi Feng , Jisheng Dang , Yue Deng , Changyang He , Hongxi Pu , Haoxuan Li , Bo Li

AI humanizers are a new class of online software tools meant to paraphrase and rewrite AI-generated text in a way that allows them to evade AI detection software. We study 19 AI humanizer and paraphrasing tools and qualitatively assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Elyas Masrour , Bradley Emi , Max Spero

The rapid progress of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies has led to the widespread availability and effectiveness of text generation tools such as ChatGPT and Claude. While highly useful, these technologies also pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chao Zhou , Cheng Qiu , Lizhen Liang , Daniel E. Acuna

AI-generated text detection has attracted increasing attention as powerful language models approach human-level generation. Limited work is devoted to detecting (partially) AI-paraphrased texts. However, AI paraphrasing is commonly employed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yafu Li , Zhilin Wang , Leyang Cui , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi , Yue Zhang

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-based large language models (LLMs) holds considerable promise in revolutionizing education, research, and practice. However, distinguishing between human-written and AI-generated text has become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Kadhim Hayawi , Sakib Shahriar , Sujith Samuel Mathew

Inference with modern Large Language Models (LLMs) is expensive and slow, and speculative sampling has emerged as an effective solution to this problem, however, the number of the calls to the draft model for generating candidate tokens in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Junjie Ma , Jinlong Li

ChatGPT and other general large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, but they have also raised concerns about the misuse of AI-generated texts. Existing AI-generated text detection models, such as based on BERT and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Rongsheng Wang , Haoming Chen , Ruizhe Zhou , Han Ma , Yaofei Duan , Yanlan Kang , Songhua Yang , Baoyu Fan , Tao Tan

Data contamination poses a significant challenge to reliable LLM evaluation, where models may achieve high performance by memorizing training data rather than demonstrating genuine reasoning capabilities. We introduce RADAR (Recall vs.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ashish Kattamuri , Harshwardhan Fartale , Arpita Vats , Rahul Raja , Ishita Prasad

Nowadays, powerful large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have demonstrated revolutionary power in a variety of tasks. Consequently, the detection of machine-generated texts (MGTs) is becoming increasingly crucial as LLMs become more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xinlei He , Xinyue Shen , Zeyuan Chen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang