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Unsupervised and self-supervised learning approaches have become a crucial tool to learn representations for downstream prediction tasks. While these approaches are widely used in practice and achieve impressive empirical gains, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Siddhant Garg , Yingyu Liang

Transfer learning uses a data model, trained to make predictions or inferences on data from one population, to make reliable predictions or inferences on data from another population. Most existing transfer learning approaches are based on…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-01 Jimmy Hickey , Jonathan P. Williams , Emily C. Hector

Deep neural networks have seen enormous success in various real-world applications. Beyond their predictions as point estimates, increasing attention has been focused on quantifying the uncertainty of their predictions. In this review, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Chengyu Dong

Quantifying uncertainties for machine learning (ML) models is a foundational challenge in modern data analysis. This challenge is compounded by at least two key aspects of the field: (a) inconsistent terminology surrounding uncertainty and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shubhendu Trivedi , Brian D. Nord

Dealing with uncertainty is essential for efficient reinforcement learning. There is a growing literature on uncertainty estimation for deep learning from fixed datasets, but many of the most popular approaches are poorly-suited to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-16 Ian Osband , John Aslanides , Albin Cassirer

Being uncertain when facing the unknown is key to intelligent decision making. However, machine learning algorithms lack reliable estimates about their predictive uncertainty. This leads to wrong and overly-confident decisions when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Mohamed Ishmael Belghazi , David Lopez-Paz

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables policy learning without active interactions, making it especially appealing for self-driving tasks. Recent successes of Transformers inspire casting offline RL as sequence modeling, which,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zenan Li , Fan Nie , Qiao Sun , Fang Da , Hang Zhao

Most research designing novel predictive models, or employing existing ones, assumes that training and testing data are independent and identically distributed. In practice, the data encountered at serving time often deviate from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Ahmed Abbasi , Kar Yan Tam

Machine unlearning seeks to remove the influence of specified data from a trained model. While the unlearning accuracy provides a widely used metric for assessing unlearning performance, it falls short in assessing the reliability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yingdan Shi , Sijia Liu , Kaize Ding , Ren Wang

Models for image representation learning are typically designed for either recognition or generation. Various forms of contrastive learning help models learn to convert images to embeddings that are useful for classification, detection, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Matthew Gwilliam , Xiao Wang , Xuefeng Hu , Zhenheng Yang

The usual figure of merit characterizing the performance of neural networks applied to problems in the quantum domain is their accuracy, being the probability of a correct answer on a previously unseen input. Here we append this parameter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-29 Jan Wasilewski , Tomasz Paterek , Karol Horodecki

Zero-shot unsupervised reinforcement learning (URL) offers a promising direction for building generalist agents capable of generalizing to unseen tasks without additional supervision. Among existing approaches, successor representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jingbo Sun , Qichao Zhang , Songjun Tu , Xing Fang , Yupeng Zheng , Haoran Li , Ke Chen , Dongbin Zhao

Over the past decades, researchers have primarily focused on improving the generalization abilities of models, with limited attention given to regulating such generalization. However, the ability of models to generalize to unintended data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Ziming Hong , Yongli Xiang , Tongliang Liu

Ultra-reliable communication (URC) is a key enabler for supporting immersive and mission-critical 5G applications. Meeting the strict reliability requirements of these applications is challenging due to the absence of accurate statistical…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Sumudu Samarakoon , Mehdi Bennis , Walid Saad , Merouane Debbah

It has been reported that deep learning models are extremely vulnerable to small but intentionally chosen perturbations of its input. In particular, a deep network, despite its near-optimal accuracy on the clean images, often mis-classifies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 A. Tuan Nguyen , Ser Nam Lim , Philip Torr

Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly being used in metrology applications. However, for ML models to be credible in a metrology context they should be accompanied by principled uncertainty quantification. This paper addresses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Andrew Thompson

We are interested in representation learning from labeled or unlabeled data. Inspired by recent success of self-supervised learning (SSL), we develop a non-contrastive representation learning method that can exploit additional knowledge.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Ajinkya Tejankar , Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , Hamed Pirsiavash

The growing popularity of transfer learning, due to the availability of models pre-trained on vast amounts of data, makes it imperative to understand when the knowledge of these pre-trained models can be transferred to obtain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Akshay Mehra , Yunbei Zhang , Jihun Hamm

We address the problem of learning reusable state representations from streaming high-dimensional observations. This is important for areas like Reinforcement Learning (RL), which yields non-stationary data distributions during training. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Rika Antonova , Maksim Maydanskiy , Danica Kragic , Sam Devlin , Katja Hofmann

This review addresses the problem of learning abstract representations of the measurement data in the context of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). While the data are often ambiguous, high-dimensional, and complex to interpret, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Nicolò Botteghi , Mannes Poel , Christoph Brune