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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century. The extent and scope of future AI capabilities remain a key uncertainty, with widespread disagreement on timelines and potential impacts. As…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Kyle A. Kilian , Christopher J. Ventura , Mark M. Bailey

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and AI methods in the workplace holds both great opportunities as well as risks to occupational safety and discrimination. In addition to legal regulation, technical standards will play a key role in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Nikolas Becker , Pauline Junginger , Lukas Martinez , Daniel Krupka , Leonie Beining

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked growing concerns among experts, policymakers, and world leaders regarding the potential for increasingly advanced AI systems to pose catastrophic risks. Although numerous risks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Dan Hendrycks , Mantas Mazeika , Thomas Woodside

A spirited debate is taking place over the regulation of open foundation models: artificial intelligence models whose underlying architectures and parameters are made public and can be inspected, modified, and run by end users. Proposed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Masao Dahlgren

The field of embodied AI (EAI) is rapidly advancing. Unlike virtual AI, EAI systems can exist in, learn from, reason about, and act in the physical world. With recent advances in AI models and hardware, EAI systems are becoming increasingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Jared Perlo , Alexander Robey , Fazl Barez , Luciano Floridi , Jakob Mökander

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly being integrated into critical systems across various domains, from healthcare to autonomous vehicles. While its integration brings immense benefits, it also introduces significant risks, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhiqiang Lin , Huan Sun , Ness Shroff

AI progress is creating a growing range of risks and opportunities, but it is often unclear how they should be navigated. In many cases, the barriers and uncertainties faced are at least partly technical. Technical AI governance, referring…

Powerful new frontier AI technologies are bringing many benefits to society but at the same time bring new risks. AI developers and regulators are therefore seeking ways to assure the safety of such systems, and one promising method under…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Stephen Barrett , Philip Fox , Joshua Krook , Tuneer Mondal , Simon Mylius , Alejandro Tlaie

The success of OpenAI's ChatGPT in 2023 has spurred financial enterprises into exploring Generative AI applications to reduce costs or drive revenue within different lines of businesses in the Financial Industry. While these applications…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-03-21 Anwesha Bhattacharyya , Ye Yu , Hanyu Yang , Rahul Singh , Tarun Joshi , Jie Chen , Kiran Yalavarthy

Existing strategies for managing risks from advanced AI systems often focus on affecting what AI systems are developed and how they diffuse. However, this approach becomes less feasible as the number of developers of advanced AI grows, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Jamie Bernardi , Gabriel Mukobi , Hilary Greaves , Lennart Heim , Markus Anderljung

Appropriately regulating artificial intelligence is an increasingly urgent and widespread policy challenge. We identify two primary, competing problem. First is a technical deficit: Legislatures and regulatory face significant challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Gillian K. Hadfield , Jack Clark

Recent AI progress has outpaced expectations, with some experts now predicting AI that matches or exceeds human capabilities in all cognitive areas (AGI) could emerge this decade, potentially posing grave national and global security…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Sarah Hastings-Woodhouse

Lightweight fine-tuning techniques and the rise of 'open' AI model marketplaces have enabled individuals to easily build and release generative models. Yet, this accessibility also raises risks, including the production of harmful and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Eun Jeong Kang , Fengyang Lin , Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang

This article addresses the societal costs associated with the lack of regulation in Artificial Intelligence and proposes a framework combining innovation and regulation. Over fifty years of AI research, catalyzed by declining computing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Paulo Carvão

Frontier AI Safety Policies concentrate on prevention: capability evaluations, deployment gates, and usage constraints, while neglecting the capacity to coordinate responses when prevention fails. We argue this coordination gap is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Isaak Mengesha

Recent advancements in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) establish the basis to address challenging tasks. However, with the integration of AI, new risks arise. Therefore, to benefit from its advantages, it is essential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ronald Schnitzer , Andreas Hapfelmeier , Sven Gaube , Sonja Zillner

This paper explores the rapidly evolving ecosystem of publicly available AI models, and their potential implications on the security and safety landscape. As AI models become increasingly prevalent, understanding their potential risks and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Huzaifa Sidhpurwala , Garth Mollett , Emily Fox , Mark Bestavros , Huamin Chen

The performance of AI models on safety benchmarks does not indicate their real-world performance after deployment. This opaqueness of AI models impedes existing regulatory frameworks constituted on benchmark performance, leaving them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Gabriel Stanovsky , Renana Keydar , Gadi Perl , Eliya Habba

As foundation models have accumulated hundreds of millions of users, developers have begun to take steps to prevent harmful types of uses. One salient intervention that foundation model developers adopt is acceptable use policies: legally…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kevin Klyman

Modern general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) systems present an urgent risk management challenge, as their rapidly evolving capabilities and potential for catastrophic harm outpace our ability to reliably assess their risks. Current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Anna Katariina Wisakanto , Joe Rogero , Avyay M. Casheekar , Richard Mallah