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Despite the impressive search rate of one key per clock cycle, the update stage of a random-access-memory-based content-addressable-memory (RAM-based CAM) always suffers high latency. Two primary causes of such latency include: (1) the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Xuan-Thuan Nguyen , Trong-Thuc Hoang , Hong-Thu Nguyen , Katsumi Inoue , Cong-Kha Pham

Aside from recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) models, specialized AI hardware is crucial to address large volumes of unstructured and dynamic data. Hardware-based AI, built on conventional complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor…

Transformer inference requires high compute accuracy; achieving this using analog CIMs has been difficult due to inherent computational errors. To overcome this challenge, we propose a Capacitor-Reconfiguring CIM (CR-CIM) to realize high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Kentaro Yoshioka

Let $[q\rangle$ denote the integer set $\{0,1,\ldots,...,q-1\}$ and let $\mathbb{B}=\{0,1\}$. The problem of implementing functions $[q\rangle\rightarrow\mathbb{B}$ on content-addressable memories (CAMs) is considered. CAMs can be…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ron M. Roth

The memristance of a memristor depends on the amount of charge flowing through it and when current stops flowing through it, it remembers the state. Thus, memristors are extremely suited for implementation of memory units. Memristors find…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Udit Kumar Agarwal , Shikhar Makhija , Varun Tripathi , Kunwar Singh

Analog content-addressable memories (aCAMs) based on memristors provide a promising pathway toward energy-efficient large-scale associative computing for Edge AI and embedded intelligence applications. They have been successfully applied to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Paul-Philipp Manea , Aishwarya Natarajan , Jim Ignowski , John Paul Strachan , Luca Buonanno

As data-intensive applications increasingly strain conventional computing systems, processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising paradigm to alleviate the memory wall by minimizing data transfer between memory and processing units.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Thomas Neuner , Henriette Padberg , Lior Kornblum , Eilam Yalon , Pedram Khalili Amiri , Shahar Kvatinsky

Cryo-computing - both classical and quantum, is severely limited by the absence of a suitable cryo-memory. The challenge both in terms of energy efficiency and speed have been known for decades, but so far conventional technologies have not…

Energy conservative devices are the need of the modern technology which leads to the development of reversible logic. The synthesis of reversible logic has become an intensely studied area as it overcomes the problem of power dissipation…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-10-20 Sadia Nowrin , Papiya Nazneen , Lafifa Jamal

As neural computation is revolutionizing the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), rethinking the ideal neural hardware is becoming the next frontier. Fast and reliable von Neumann architecture has been the hosting platform for neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yigit Demirag

Crossbar resistive memory with the 1 Selector 1 Resistor (1S1R) structure is attractive for nonvolatile, high-density, and low-latency storage-class memory applications. As technology scales down to the single-nm regime, the increasing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-30 Zehui Chen , Lara Dolecek

This work introduces a fully tunable, ultra-low power unipolar memory cell inspired by the Schmitt-trigger comparator and designed in CMOS using only nine transistors. The proposed circuit operates entirely in the current domain and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Arthur Fyon , Loris Mendolia , Jean-Michel Redouté , Alessio Franci , Guillaume Drion

Deep Learning neural networks are pervasive, but traditional computer architectures are reaching the limits of being able to efficiently execute them for the large workloads of today. They are limited by the von Neumann bottleneck: the high…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Wilfried Haensch , Anand Raghunathan , Kaushik Roy , Bhaswar Chakrabarti , Charudatta M. Phatak , Cheng Wang , Supratik Guha

Power consumption has become the major concern in neural network accelerators for edge devices. The novel non-volatile-memory (NVM) based computing-in-memory (CIM) architecture has shown great potential for better energy efficiency.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-22 Haobo Liu , Zhengyang Qian , Wei Wu , Hongwei Ren , Zhiwei Liu , Leibin Ni

Combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are crucial in many applications but are computationally demanding. Traditional Ising annealers address COPs by directly converting them into Ising models (known as direct-E transformation) and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yu Qian , Xianmin Huang , Ranran Wang , Zeyu Yang , Min Zhou , Thomas Kämpfe , Cheng Zhuo , Xunzhao Yin

Sorting is fundamental and ubiquitous in modern computing systems. Hardware sorting systems are built based on comparison operations with Von Neumann architecture, but their performance are limited by the bandwidth between memory and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Lianfeng Yu , Yaoyu Tao , Teng Zhang , Zeyu Wang , Xile Wang , Zelun Pan , Bowen Wang , Zhaokun Jing , Jiaxin Liu , Yuqi Li , Yihang Zhu , Bonan Yan , Yuchao Yang

The surge in AI usage demands innovative power reduction strategies. Novel Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures, leveraging advanced memory technologies, hold the potential for significantly lowering energy consumption by integrating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 José Cubero-Cascante , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rebecca Pelke , Lorenzo Pfeifer , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) is a powerful abstraction for building memory caches, routing tables and hazard detection logic. Without a native CAM structure available on FPGA devices, their functionality must be emulated using the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Thomas B. Preußer , Monica Chiosa , Alexander Weiss , Gustavo Alonso

Heavy computational demands from artificial intelligence (AI) leads the research community to explore the design space for functional materials that can be used for high performance memory and neuromorphic computing hardware. Novel device…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-04 Xinye Li , Padma Srivari , Sayani Majumdar

Ferroelectric-based capacitive crossbar arrays have been proposed for energy-efficient in-memory computing in the charge domain. They combat the challenges like sneak paths and high static power faced by resistive crossbar arrays but are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Madhav Vadlamani , Dyutimoy Chakraborty , Jianwei Jia , Halid Mulaosmanovic , Stefan Duenkel , Sven Beyer , Suman Datta , Shimeng Yu