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In vertical federated learning (VFL), multiple enterprises address aligned sample scarcity by leveraging massive locally unaligned samples to facilitate collaborative learning. However, unaligned samples across different parties in VFL can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Wei Guo , Yiyang Duan , Zhaojun Hu , Yiqi Tong , Fuzhen Zhuang , Xiao Zhang , Jin Dong , Ruofan Wu , Tengfei Liu , Yifan Sun

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) often suffers from client-wise missingness, where entire feature blocks from some clients are unobserved, and conventional approaches are vulnerable to privacy leakage. We propose a Gaussian copulabased…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Huiyun Tang , Long Feng , Yang Li , Feifei Wang

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) has garnered significant attention as a privacy-preserving machine learning framework for sample-aligned feature federation. However, traditional VFL approaches do not address the challenges of class and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shuo Wang , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

Most work in privacy-preserving federated learning (FL) has focused on horizontally partitioned datasets where clients hold the same features and train complete client-level models independently. However, individual data points are often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xinchi Qiu , Heng Pan , Wanru Zhao , Yan Gao , Pedro P. B. Gusmao , William F. Shen , Chenyang Ma , Nicholas D. Lane

A typical Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) scenario involves several participants collaboratively training a machine learning model, where each party has different features for the same samples, with labels held exclusively by one party.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Wenhao Jiang , Shaojing Fu , Yuchuan Luo , Lin Liu

Federated learning (FL) is a paradigm where many clients collaboratively train a model under the coordination of a central server, while keeping the training data locally stored. However, heterogeneous data distributions over different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Yaqi Sun , Shijing Si , Jianzong Wang , Yuhan Dong , Zhitao Zhu , Jing Xiao

Incentives that compensate for the involved costs in the decentralized training of a Federated Learning (FL) model act as a key stimulus for clients' long-term participation. However, it is challenging to convince clients for quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Shashi Raj Pandey , Lam Duc Nguyen , Petar Popovski

Federated learning (FL) has been proposed as a popular learning framework to protect the users' data privacy but it has difficulties in motivating the users to participate in task training. This paper proposes a Bertrand-game-based…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Jiawei Liu , Guopeng Zhang , Kezhi Wang , Kun Yang

Communication overhead is a known bottleneck in federated learning (FL). To address this, lossy compression is commonly used on the information communicated between the server and clients during training. In horizontal FL, where each client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Pedro Valdeira , João Xavier , Cláudia Soares , Yuejie Chi

This paper presents the application of Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) to generate synthetic tabular data using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). VFL is a collaborative approach to train machine learning models among distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Zilong Zhao , Han Wu , Aad Van Moorsel , Lydia Y. Chen

Federated learning protects users' data privacy through sharing users' local model parameters (instead of raw data) with a server. However, when massive users train a large machine learning model through federated learning, the dynamically…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Ningning Ding , Lin Gao , Jianwei Huang

Machine Learning (ML) has proven to be a promising solution to provide novel scalable and efficient fault management solutions in modern 5G-and-beyond communication networks. In the context of microwave networks, ML-based solutions have…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Fatih Temiz , Memedhe Ibrahimi , Francesco Musumeci , Claudio Passera , Massimo Tornatore

Federated Learning (FL) is a well-known paradigm of distributed machine learning on mobile and IoT devices, which preserves data privacy and optimizes communication efficiency. To avoid the single point of failure problem in FL,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xiaoxue Zhang , Yifan Hua , Chen Qian

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that facilitates collaboration among participants across demographics. FL enables model sharing, while restricting the movement of data. Since FL provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Harsh Kasyap , Minghong Fang , Zhuqing Liu , Carsten Maple , Somanath Tripathy

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach where multiple clients work together to solve a machine learning task. One of the key challenges in FL is the issue of partial participation, which occurs when a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Grigory Malinovsky , Samuel Horváth , Konstantin Burlachenko , Peter Richtárik

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed training by learners using local data, thereby enhancing privacy and reducing communication. However, it presents numerous challenges relating to the heterogeneity of the data distribution, device…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem , Atal Narayan Sahu , Marco Canini , Suhaib A. Fahmy

In federated learning (FL), decentralized model training allows multi-ple participants to collaboratively improve a shared machine learning model without exchanging raw data. However, ensuring the integrity and reliability of the system is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ajay Kumar Shrestha

Federated Learning (FL) is a popular algorithm to train machine learning models on user data constrained to edge devices (for example, mobile phones) due to privacy concerns. Typically, FL is trained with the assumption that no part of the…

Although Deep Learning (DL) methods becoming increasingly popular in vulnerability detection, their performance is seriously limited by insufficient training data. This is mainly because few existing software organizations can maintain a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Peiheng Zhou , Ming Hu , Xingrun Quan , Yawen Peng , Xiaofei Xie , Yanxin Yang , Chengwei Liu , Yueming Wu , Mingsong Chen

In a vertical federated learning (VFL) system consisting of a central server and many distributed clients, the training data are vertically partitioned such that different features are privately stored on different clients. The problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Songze Li , Duanyi Yao , Jin Liu