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Feature attribution methods help make machine learning-based inference explainable by determining how much one or several features have contributed to a model's output. A particularly popular attribution method is based on the Shapley value…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Filip Naudot , Tobias Sundqvist , Timotheus Kampik

The proliferation of complex, black-box AI models has intensified the need for techniques that can explain their decisions. Feature attribution methods have become a popular solution for providing post-hoc explanations, yet the field has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Xinpeng Li , Kai Ming Ting

Explainable AI (XAI) has become an increasingly important topic for understanding and attributing the predictions made by complex Time Series Classification (TSC) models. Among attribution methods, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Davide Italo Serramazza , Nikos Papadeas , Zahraa Abdallah , Georgiana Ifrim

In today's data-driven era, computational systems generate vast amounts of data that drive the digital transformation of industries, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a key role. Currently, the demand for eXplainable AI (XAI) has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Georgios Makridis , Vasileios Koukos , Georgios Fatouros , Dimosthenis Kyriazis

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses the growing need for transparency and interpretability in AI systems, enabling trust and accountability in decision-making processes. This book offers a comprehensive guide to XAI,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative AI paradigm, profoundly influencing daily life through their exceptional language understanding and contextual generation capabilities. Despite their remarkable performance, LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yedi Zhang , Yufan Cai , Xinyue Zuo , Xiaokun Luan , Kailong Wang , Zhe Hou , Yifan Zhang , Zhiyuan Wei , Meng Sun , Jun Sun , Jing Sun , Jin Song Dong

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become essential for analyzing complex data and solving highly-challenging tasks. It is being applied across numerous disciplines beyond computer science, including Food Engineering, where there is a growing…

Explaining the predictions of opaque machine learning algorithms is an important and challenging task, especially as complex models are increasingly used to assist in high-stakes decisions such as those arising in healthcare and finance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 David S. Watson

Feature attribution methods are a popular approach to explain the behavior of machine learning models. They assign importance scores to each input feature, quantifying their influence on the model's prediction. However, evaluating these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Magamed Taimeskhanov , Damien Garreau

The lack of interpretability is a major barrier that limits the practical usage of AI models. Several eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques (e.g., SHAP, LIME) have been employed to interpret these models' performance. However, users often face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Saumendu Roy , Saikat Mondal , Banani Roy , Chanchal Roy

Deep Learning has already been successfully applied to analyze industrial sensor data in a variety of relevant use cases. However, the opaque nature of many well-performing methods poses a major obstacle for real-world deployment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Thomas Decker , Michael Lebacher , Volker Tresp

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to advance rapidly, Friendly AI (FAI) has been proposed to advocate for more equitable and fair development of AI. Despite its importance, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews examining FAI from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Qiyang Sun , Yupei Li , Emran Alturki , Sunil Munthumoduku Krishna Murthy , Björn W. Schuller

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods are portrayed as a remedy for debugging and trusting statistical and deep learning models, as well as interpreting their predictions. However, recent advances in adversarial machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Hubert Baniecki , Przemyslaw Biecek

Motivations for methods in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) often include detecting, quantifying and mitigating bias, and contributing to making machine learning models fairer. However, exactly how an XAI method can help in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Esma Balkir , Svetlana Kiritchenko , Isar Nejadgholi , Kathleen C. Fraser

We address the critical challenge of applying feature attribution methods to the transformer architecture, which dominates current applications in natural language processing and beyond. Traditional attribution methods to explainable AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Tobias Leemann , Alina Fastowski , Felix Pfeiffer , Gjergji Kasneci

Explaining the decisions of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model is increasingly critical in many real-world, high-stake applications. Hundreds of papers have either proposed new feature attribution methods, discussed or harnessed these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Giang Nguyen , Daeyoung Kim , Anh Nguyen

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging area of research in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). XAI can explain how AI obtained a particular solution (e.g., classification or object detection) and can also answer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Prashant Gohel , Priyanka Singh , Manoranjan Mohanty

As AI models become ever more complex and intertwined in humans' daily lives, greater levels of interactivity of explainable AI (XAI) methods are needed. In this paper, we propose the use of belief change theory as a formal foundation for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Antonio Rago , Maria Vanina Martinez

With recent progress in the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and increasing use in practice, the need for an evaluation of different XAI methods and their explanation quality in practical usage scenarios arises. For this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Marc Hanussek , Falko Kötter , Maximilien Kintz , Jens Drawehn

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to create transparency in modern AI models by offering explanations of the models to human users. There are many ways in which researchers have attempted to evaluate the quality of these XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen
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