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Many statistical estimation techniques for high-dimensional or functional data are based on a preliminary dimension reduction step, which consists in projecting the sample $\bX_1, \hdots, \bX_n$ onto the first $D$ eigenvectors of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-04-26 Gérard Biau , André Mas

Despite the rapid development of computational hardware, the treatment of large and high dimensional data sets is still a challenging problem. This paper provides a twofold contribution to the topic. First, we propose a Gaussian Mixture…

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an important tool of dimension reduction especially when the dimension (or the number of variables) is very high. Asymptotic studies where the sample size is fixed, and the dimension grows [i.e., High…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-20 Sungkyu Jung , J. S. Marron

In many CAD-based applications, complex geometries are defined by a high number of design parameters. This leads to high-dimensional design spaces that are challenging for downstream engineering processes like simulations, optimization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Alexander Köhler , Michael Breuß

Principal component analysis (PCA) is traditionally implemented through a covariance or kernel matrix, leading-eigenvector extraction, and hard rank-$k$ projection. These steps can be computationally costly in high-dimensional and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Yewei Yuan , Michele Minervini , Mark M. Wilde , Nana Liu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction, with documented merits in diverse tasks involving high-dimensional data. Standard PCA copes with one dataset at a time, but it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Jia Chen , Gang Wang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Neural operator learning has emerged as a powerful approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in a data-driven manner. However, applying principal component analysis (PCA) to high-dimensional solution fields incurs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Mrigank Dhingra , Romit Maulik , Adil Rasheed , Omer San

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimension reduction and multivariate statistical techniques. From a probabilistic perspective, PCA seeks a low-dimensional representation of data in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Chihao Zhang , Kuo Gai , Shihua Zhang

We propose a new high dimensional semiparametric principal component analysis (PCA) method, named Copula Component Analysis (COCA). The semiparametric model assumes that, after unspecified marginally monotone transformations, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-20 Fang Han , Han Liu

A new low-dimensional parameterization based on principal component analysis (PCA) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) is developed to represent complex geological models. The CNN-PCA method is inspired by recent developments in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-11 Yimin Liu , Wenyue Sun , Louis J. Durlofsky

Coarse-grained modeling in molecular simulations serves not only to extend accessible time and length scales beyond atomistic limits, but also to reduce high-dimensional chemical data to low-dimensional representations that expose the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Michael N. Sakano , Alejandro Strachan

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely employed statistical tool used primarily for dimensionality reduction. However, it is known to be adversely affected by the presence of outlying observations in the sample, which is quite…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-26 Subhrajyoty Roy , Ayanendranath Basu , Abhik Ghosh

In order to process efficiently ever-higher dimensional data such as images, sentences, or audio recordings, one needs to find a proper way to reduce the dimensionality of such data. In this regard, SVD-based methods including PCA and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Quentin Fournier , Daniel Aloise

Linear principal component analysis (PCA) learns (semi-)orthogonal transformations by orienting the axes to maximize variance. Consequently, it can only identify orthogonal axes whose variances are clearly distinct, but it cannot identify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Fahdi Kanavati , Lucy Katsnith , Masayuki Tsuneki

Estimating intrinsic dimensionality of data is a classic problem in pattern recognition and statistics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful tool in discovering dimensionality of data sets with a linear structure; it, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-02-11 Mingyu Fan , Nannan Gu , Hong Qiao , Bo Zhang

We consider the dimensionality-reduction problem (finding a subspace approximation of observed data) for contaminated data in the high dimensional regime, where the number of observations is of the same magnitude as the number of variables…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-05-14 Huan Xu , Constantine Caramanis , Shie Mannor

We introduce Adaptive Subspace PCA (AS-PCA), a framework for principal component analysis of random elements in a general separable Hilbert space. AS-PCA projects the covariance operator onto a data-adaptive finite-dimensional subspace…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Xinyi Li , Margaret Hoch , Michael R. Kosorok

The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a data dimensionality reduction technique well-suited for processing data from sensor networks. It can be applied to tasks like compression, event detection, and event recognition. This technique is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-03-13 Yann-Aël Le Borgne , Sylvain Raybaud , Gianluca Bontempi

Of particular interest is to discover useful representations solely from observations in an unsupervised generative manner. However, the question of whether existing normalizing flows provide effective representations for downstream tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Shen Li , Bryan Hooi

Principal component analysis (PCA) represents a standard approach to identify collective variables $\{x_i\}\!=\!\boldsymbol{x}$, which can be used to construct the free energy landscape $\Delta G(\boldsymbol{x})$ of a molecular system.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-30 Matthias Post , Steffen Wolf , Gerhard Stock