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Quantum error correction (QEC) is required for large-scale computation, but incurs a significant resource overhead. Recent advances have shown that by jointly decoding logical qubits in algorithms composed of transversal gates, the number…

In this paper, the performance of quadratic residue (QR) codes of lengths within 100 is given and analyzed when the hard decoding, soft decoding, and linear programming decoding algorithms are utilized. We develop a simple method to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Yong Li , Qianbin Chen , Hongqing Liu , Trieu-Kien Truong

An efficient decoder is essential for quantum error correction, and data-driven neural decoders have emerged as promising, flexible solutions. Here, we introduce a diffusion model framework to infer logical errors from syndrome measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Zejun Liu , Anqi Gong , Bryan K. Clark

Quantum computation promises significant computational advantages over classical computation for some problems. However, quantum hardware suffers from much higher error rates than in classical hardware. As a result, extensive quantum error…

Fast, scalable decoding architectures that operate in a block-wise parallel fashion across space and time are essential for real-time fault-tolerant quantum computing. We introduce a scalable AI-based pre-decoder for the surface code that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Christopher Chamberland , Jan Olle , Muyuan Li , Scott Thornton , Igor Baratta

A novel and efficient neural decoder algorithm is proposed. The proposed decoder is based on the neural Belief Propagation algorithm and the Automorphism Group. By combining neural belief propagation with permutations from the Automorphism…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-10 Eliya Nachmani , Yaron Bachar , Elad Marciano , David Burshtein , Yair Be'ery

To leverage the full potential of quantum error-correcting stabilizer codes it is crucial to have an efficient and accurate decoder. Accurate, maximum likelihood, decoders are computationally very expensive whereas decoders based on more…

Real-time decoding of quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. A practical decoder must operate with high accuracy at low latency, while remaining robust to spatial and temporal variations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Samuel Stein , Shuwen Kan , Chenxu Liu , Adrian Harkness , Sean Garner , Zefan Du , Yufei Ding , Ying Mao , Ang Li

The successive cancellation list decoder (SCL) is an efficient decoder for classical polar codes with low decoding error, approximating the maximum likelihood decoder (MLD) for small list sizes. Here we adapt the SCL to the task of decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Joseph M. Renes

Achieving practical quantum advantage requires a classical decoding algorithm to identify and correct faults during computation. This classical decoding algorithm must deliver both accuracy and speed, but in what combination? When is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Nicolas Delfosse , Andres Paz , Alexander Vaschillo , Krysta M. Svore

We propose a general framework for decoding quantum error-correcting codes with generative modeling. The model utilizes autoregressive neural networks, specifically Transformers, to learn the joint probability of logical operators and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Hanyan Cao , Feng Pan , Yijia Wang , Pan Zhang

Neural decoders for quantum error correction (QEC) rely on neural networks to classify syndromes extracted from error correction codes and find appropriate recovery operators to protect logical information against errors. Its ability to…

We demonstrate that the performance of quantum error correction can be improved with noise-aware decoders that are calibrated to the likelihood of physical error configurations in a device. We show that noise-aware decoding increases the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Evan T. Hockings , Andrew C. Doherty , Robin Harper

There has been a rise in decoding quantum error correction codes with neural network based decoders, due to the good decoding performance achieved and adaptability to any noise model. However, the main challenge is scalability to larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 Savvas Varsamopoulos , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever

Quantum errors are primarily detected and corrected using the measurement of syndrome information which itself is an unreliable step in practical error correction implementations. Typically, such faulty or noisy syndrome measurements are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Nithin Raveendran , Narayanan Rengaswamy , Asit Kumar Pradhan , Bane Vasić

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) decoding faces a fundamental accuracy-efficiency tradeoff. Classical methods like Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) exhibit variable performance across noise models and suffer from polynomial complexity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 David Zenati , Eliya Nachmani

Surface codes are a promising method of quantum error correction and the basis of many proposed quantum computation implementations. However, their efficient decoding is still not fully explored. Recently, approaches based on machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Qubit loss errors constitute a dominant source of noise in many quantum hardware systems, particularly in neutral atom quantum computers. We develop a theoretical framework to effectively detect and correct loss errors in logical algorithms…

The strongly correlated systems we use to realise quantum error-correcting codes may give rise to high-weight, problematic errors. Encouragingly, we can expect local quantum error-correcting codes with no string-like logical operators $-$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Georgia M. Nixon , Benjamin J. Brown

Quantum computers require error correction to achieve universal quantum computing. However, current decoding of quantum error-correcting codes relies on classical computation, which is slower than quantum operations in superconducting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Pan Zhang