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A reformulation of the path length of binary search trees is given in terms of permutations, allowing to extend the definition to the instance of words, where the letters are obtained by independent geometric random variables (with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Helmut Prodinger

Binary concepts are empirically used by humans to generalize efficiently. And they are based on Bernoulli distribution which is the building block of information. These concepts span both low-level and high-level features such as "large vs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Zizhao Hu , Mohammad Rostami

This work proposes Adaptive Facilitated Mutation, a self-adaptive mutation method for Structured Grammatical Evolution (SGE), biologically inspired by the theory of facilitated variation. In SGE, the genotype of individuals contains a list…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Pedro Carvalho , Jessica Mégane , Nuno Lourenço , Penousal Machado

A controversial test for Large Language Models concerns the ability to discern possible from impossible language. While some evidence attests to the models' sensitivity to what crosses the limits of grammatically impossible language, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Evelina Leivada , Raquel Montero , Paolo Morosi , Natalia Moskvina , Tamara Serrano , Marcel Aguilar , Fritz Guenther

The sequential structure of language, and the order of words in a sentence specifically, plays a central role in human language processing. Consequently, in designing computational models of language, the de facto approach is to present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Rishi Bommasani

In numerous domains in cognitive science it is often useful to have a source for randomly generated corpora. These corpora may serve as a foundation for artificial stimuli in a learning experiment (e.g., Ellefson & Christiansen, 2000), or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Rick Dale

Speech and language biomarkers have the potential to be regular, objective assessments of symptom severity in several health conditions, both in-clinic and remotely using mobile devices. However, the complex nature of speech and often…

We propose a simple and robust non-parameterized approach for building sentence representations. Inspired by the Gram-Schmidt Process in geometric theory, we build an orthogonal basis of the subspace spanned by a word and its surrounding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Weizhu Chen

The Random Language Model, proposed as a simple model of human languages, is defined by the averaged model of a probabilistic context-free grammar. This grammar expresses the process of sentence generation as a tree graph with nodes having…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-07-07 Kai Nakaishi , Koji Hukushima

Complex networks theory has commonly been used for modelling and understanding the interactions taking place between the elements composing complex systems. More recently, the use of generative models has gained momentum, as they allow…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-05-19 Massimiliano Zanin , Marco Correia , Pedro A. C. Sousa , Jorge Cruz

We introduce two notions of discrepancy between binary vectors, which are not metric functions in general but nonetheless capture the mathematical structure of the binary asymmetric channel. In turn, these lead to two new fundamental…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Giuseppe Cotardo , Alberto Ravagnani

Deep generative modeling of natural languages has achieved many successes, such as producing fluent sentences and translating from one language into another. However, the development of generative modeling techniques for paraphrase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haotian Luo , Yixin Liu , Peidong Liu , Xianggen Liu

The following technical report presents a formal approach to probabilistic minimalist grammar parameter estimation. We describe a formalization of a minimalist grammar. We then present an algorithm for the application of variational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Eva Portelance , Amelia Bruno , Daniel Harasim , Leon Bergen , Timothy J. O'Donnell

Existential rules are an expressive knowledge representation language mainly developed to query data. In the literature, they are often supposed to be in some normal form that simplifies technical developments. For instance, a common…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-08 David Carral , Lucas Larroque , Marie-Laure Mugnier , Michaël Thomazo

Word segmentation is the task of inserting or deleting word boundary characters in order to separate character sequences that correspond to words in some language. In this article we propose an approach based on a beam search algorithm and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Yerai Doval , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez

The rise of multi-paradigm languages challenges traditional classification methods, leading to practical software engineering issues like interoperability defects. This systematic literature review (SLR) maps the formal foundations of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Mikel Vandeloise

We present a critical assessment of Piantadosi's (2023) claim that "Modern language models refute Chomsky's approach to language," focusing on four main points. First, despite the impressive performance and utility of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jordan Kodner , Sarah Payne , Jeffrey Heinz

Previous work has suggested that parameter sharing between transition-based neural dependency parsers for related languages can lead to better performance, but there is no consensus on what parameters to share. We present an evaluation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Miryam de Lhoneux , Johannes Bjerva , Isabelle Augenstein , Anders Søgaard

Understanding how language models develop their internal computational structure is a central problem in the science of deep learning. While susceptibilities, drawn from statistical physics, offer a promising analytical tool, their full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 George Wang , Garrett Baker , Andrew Gordon , Daniel Murfet

To examine whether intersectional bias can be observed in language generation, we examine \emph{GPT-2} and \emph{GPT-NEO} models, ranging in size from 124 million to ~2.7 billion parameters. We conduct an experiment combining up to three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Liam Magee , Lida Ghahremanlou , Karen Soldatic , Shanthi Robertson