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Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP show strong zero-shot performance but struggle with generalization under distribution shifts. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting VLMs to unlabeled test data in new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hamidreza Dastmalchi , Aijun An , Ali cheraghian

Test-time augmentation (TTA) is a well-known technique employed during the testing phase of computer vision tasks. It involves aggregating multiple augmented versions of input data. Combining predictions using a simple average formulation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Zeinab Sherkatghanad , Moloud Abdar , Mohammadreza Bakhtyari , Pawel Plawiak , Vladimir Makarenkov

Real-world image recognition systems often face corrupted input images, which cause distribution shifts and degrade the performance of models. These systems often use a single prediction model in a central server and process images sent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Atsutoshi Kumagai

Test-time Adaptation (TTA) adapts a given model to testing domain data with potential domain shifts through online unsupervised learning, yielding impressive performance. However, to date, existing TTA methods primarily focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chang'an Yi , Xiaohui Deng , Guohao Chen , Yan Zhou , Qinghua Lu , Shuaicheng Niu

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address distributional shifts between training and testing data using only unlabeled test data streams for continual model adaptation. However, most TTA methods assume benign test streams, while test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Taesik Gong , Yewon Kim , Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Sung-Ju Lee

Test Time Adaptation (TTA) is a pivotal concept in machine learning, enabling models to perform well in real-world scenarios, where test data distribution differs from training. In this work, we propose a novel approach called pseudo Source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Manogna Sreenivas , Goirik Chakrabarty , Soma Biswas

Person re-identification (re-id), which aims to retrieve images of the same person in a given image from a database, is one of the most practical image recognition applications. In the real world, however, the environments that the images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kazuki Adachi , Shohei Enomoto , Taku Sasaki , Shin'ya Yamaguchi

Test-time adaptation aims to adapt pre-trained deep neural networks using solely online unlabelled test data during inference. Although TTA has shown promise in visual applications, its potential in time series contexts remains largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Peiliang Gong , Mohamed Ragab , Min Wu , Zhenghua Chen , Yongyi Su , Xiaoli Li , Daoqiang Zhang

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) methods are often computationally expensive, require a large amount of data for effective adaptation, or are brittle to hyperparameters. Based on a theoretical foundation of the geometry of the latent space, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alexander Murphy , Michal Danilowski , Soumyajit Chatterjee , Abhirup Ghosh

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTA) is a challenging task that aims to adapt a source pre-trained model to continually changing target domains. In the CTA setting, a model does not know when the target domain changes, thus facing a drastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Inseop Chung , Kyomin Hwang , Jayeon Yoo , Nojun Kwak

Powerful as they are, graph neural networks (GNNs) are known to be vulnerable to distribution shifts. Recently, test-time adaptation (TTA) has attracted attention due to its ability to adapt a pre-trained model to a target domain, without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Wenxuan Bao , Zhichen Zeng , Zhining Liu , Hanghang Tong , Jingrui He

The goal of the challenge is to develop a test-time adaptation (TTA) method, which could adapt the model to gradually changing domains in video sequences for semantic segmentation task. It is based on a synthetic driving video dataset -…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Damian Sójka , Yuyang Liu , Dipam Goswami , Sebastian Cygert , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Joost van de Weijer

Current visual detectors, though impressive within their training distribution, often fail to parse out-of-distribution scenes into their constituent entities. Recent test-time adaptation methods use auxiliary self-supervised losses to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Mihir Prabhudesai , Anirudh Goyal , Sujoy Paul , Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Mehdi S. M. Sajjadi , Gaurav Aggarwal , Thomas Kipf , Deepak Pathak , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Online Test-Time Adaptation (OTTA) has emerged as an effective strategy to handle distributional shifts, allowing on-the-fly adaptation of pre-trained models to new target domains during inference, without the need for source data. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 WeiQin Chuah , Ruwan Tennakoon , Alireza Bab-Hadiashar

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising solution to address performance decay due to unforeseen distribution shifts between training and test data. While recent TTA methods excel in adapting to test data variations, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Hyejin Park , Jeongyeon Hwang , Sunung Mun , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

Since distribution shifts are likely to occur after a model's deployment and can drastically decrease the model's performance, online test-time adaptation (TTA) continues to update the model during test-time, leveraging the current test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Mario Döbler , Florian Marencke , Robert A. Marsden , Bin Yang

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) is an emerging and challenging task where a model trained in a source domain must adapt to continuously changing conditions during testing, without access to the original source data. CTTA is prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Ziqi Shi , Fan Lyu , Ye Liu , Fanhua Shang , Fuyuan Hu , Wei Feng , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods have gained significant attention for enhancing the performance of vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP during inference, without requiring additional labeled data. However, current TTA researches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Lijun Sheng , Jian Liang , Ran He , Zilei Wang , Tieniu Tan

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to mitigate distributional shifts between training and test domains during inference time. However, existing TTA methods fall short in the realistic scenario where models face both continually changing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yingkai Yang , Chaoqi Chen , Hui Huang

Since autonomous driving systems usually face dynamic and ever-changing environments, continual test-time adaptation (CTTA) has been proposed as a strategy for transferring deployed models to continually changing target domains. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jiayi Ni , Senqiao Yang , Ran Xu , Jiaming Liu , Xiaoqi Li , Wenyu Jiao , Zehui Chen , Yi Liu , Shanghang Zhang