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Systems designed with measurement and attestation in mind are often layered, with the lower layers measuring the layers above them. Attestations of such systems, which we call layered attestations, must bundle together the results of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Paul D. Rowe

Fact-checking real-world claims often requires reviewing multiple multimodal documents to assess a claim's truthfulness, which is a highly laborious and time-consuming task. In this paper, we present a summarization model designed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Ting-Chih Chen , Chia-Wei Tang , Chris Thomas

Verifying the truthfulness of claims usually requires joint multi-modal reasoning over both textual and visual evidence, such as analyzing both textual caption and chart image for claim verification. In addition, to make the reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Delvin Ce Zhang , Suhan Cui , Zhelin Chu , Xianren Zhang , Dongwon Lee

The diversity across outputs generated by LLMs shapes perception of their quality and utility. High lexical diversity is often desirable, but there is no standard method to measure this property. Templated answer structures and ``canned''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Chantal Shaib , Venkata S. Govindarajan , Joe Barrow , Jiuding Sun , Alexa F. Siu , Byron C. Wallace , Ani Nenkova

Text summarization, a key natural language generation (NLG) task, is vital in various domains. However, the high cost of inaccurate summaries in risk-critical applications, particularly those involving human-in-the-loop decision-making,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jianfeng He , Runing Yang , Linlin Yu , Changbin Li , Ruoxi Jia , Feng Chen , Ming Jin , Chang-Tien Lu

Recent benchmarks have probed factual consistency and rhetorical robustness in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, a knowledge gap exists regarding how directional framing of factually true statements influences model agreement, a common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jaeho Lee , Atharv Chowdhary

Since datasets with annotation for novelty at the document and/or word level are not easily available, we present a simulation framework that allows us to create different textual datasets in which we control the way novelty occurs. We also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Clément Christophe , Julien Velcin , Jairo Cugliari , Philippe Suignard , Manel Boumghar

TextGrad is a novel approach to text-based automatic differentiation that enables composite AI systems to perform optimization without explicit numerical equations. However, it currently lacks self-verification mechanisms that ensure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Eugenius Mario Situmorang , Adila Alfa Krisnadhi , Ari Wibisono

Background: Construct validity concerns the use of indicators to measure a concept that is not directly measurable. Aim: This study intends to identify, categorize, assess and quantify discussions of threats to construct validity in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Dag I. K. Sjøberg , Gunnar R. Bergersen

Evidence-based fact checking aims to verify the truthfulness of a claim against evidence extracted from textual sources. Learning a representation that effectively captures relations between a claim and evidence can be challenging. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Canasai Kruengkrai , Junichi Yamagishi , Xin Wang

Structured text understanding on Visually Rich Documents (VRDs) is a crucial part of Document Intelligence. Due to the complexity of content and layout in VRDs, structured text understanding has been a challenging task. Most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Yulin Li , Yuxi Qian , Yuchen Yu , Xiameng Qin , Chengquan Zhang , Yan Liu , Kun Yao , Junyu Han , Jingtuo Liu , Errui Ding

Exams are a fundamental test of expert-level intelligence and require integrated understanding, reasoning, and generation. Existing exam-style benchmarks mainly focus on understanding and reasoning tasks, and current generation benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhaokai Wang , Penghao Yin , Xiangyu Zhao , Changyao Tian , Yu Qiao , Wenhai Wang , Jifeng Dai , Gen Luo

Effect size measures and visualization techniques aimed at maximizing the interpretability and comparability of results from statistical models have long been of great importance and are recently again receiving increased attention in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-08 Hannah Kümpel , Sabine Hoffmann

In this article we describe our experiences with computational text analysis. We hope to achieve three primary goals. First, we aim to shed light on thorny issues not always at the forefront of discussions about computational text analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Dong Nguyen , Maria Liakata , Simon DeDeo , Jacob Eisenstein , David Mimno , Rebekah Tromble , Jane Winters

Scientific fact-checking aims to determine the veracity of scientific claims by retrieving and analysing evidence from research literature. The problem is inherently more complex than general fact-checking since it must accommodate the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xingyu Deng , Xi Wang , Mark Stevenson

The Automatic Verification of Image-Text Claims (AVerImaTeC) shared task aims to advance system development for retrieving evidence and verifying real-world image-text claims. Participants were allowed to either employ external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Rui Cao , Zhenyun Deng , Yulong Chen , Michael Schlichtkrull , Andreas Vlachos

The rapid development of automated scientific survey generation technology has made it increasingly important to establish a comprehensive benchmark to evaluate the quality of generated surveys.Nearly all existing evaluation benchmarks rely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Guo-Biao Zhang , Ding-Yuan Liu , Da-Yi Wu , Tian Lan , Heyan Huang , Zhijing Wu , Xian-Ling Mao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate scientific reports, but they can produce references that appear plausible while containing corrupted metadata or pointing to papers that do not exist. We introduce CiteCheck, a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Khashayar Khajavi , Shaghayegh Sadeghi , Rise Adhikari , Alexander Tessier

Community-driven Text-to-SQL evaluation platforms play a pivotal role in tracking the state of the art of Text-to-SQL performance. The reliability of the evaluation process is critical for driving progress in the field. Current evaluation…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Rocky Klopfenstein , Yang He , Andrew Tremante , Yuepeng Wang , Nina Narodytska , Haoze Wu

We present a free and open-source tool for creating web-based surveys that include text annotation tasks. Existing tools offer either text annotation or survey functionality but not both. Combining the two input types is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Timo Spinde , Kanishka Sinha , Norman Meuschke , Bela Gipp