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Active learning is an iterative labeling process that is used to obtain a small labeled subset, despite the absence of labeled data, thereby enabling to train a model for supervised tasks such as text classification. While active learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Christopher Schröder , Gerhard Heyer

One of the most universal ways that people communicate is through facial expressions. In this paper, we take a deep dive, implementing multiple deep learning models for facial expression recognition (FER). Our goals are twofold: we aim not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Amil Khanzada , Charles Bai , Ferhat Turker Celepcikay

The availability of large labeled datasets is the key component for the success of deep learning. However, annotating labels on large datasets is generally time-consuming and expensive. Active learning is a research area that addresses the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Felix Buchert , Nassir Navab , Seong Tae Kim

Understanding human affective behaviour, especially in the dynamics of real-world settings, requires Facial Expression Recognition (FER) models to continuously adapt to individual differences in user expression, contextual attributions, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Nikhil Churamani , Tolga Dimlioglu , German I. Parisi , Hatice Gunes

To improve performance in visual feature representation from photos or videos for practical applications, we generally require large-scale human-annotated labeled data while training deep neural networks. However, the cost of gathering and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Zhenyuan Lu

Active learning is a paradigm aimed at reducing the annotation effort by training the model on actively selected informative and/or representative samples. Another paradigm to reduce the annotation effort is self-training that learns from a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Javad Zolfaghari Bengar , Joost van de Weijer , Bartlomiej Twardowski , Bogdan Raducanu

A major challenge that prevents the training of DL models is the limited availability of accurately labeled data. This shortcoming is highlighted in areas where data annotation becomes a time-consuming and error-prone task. In this regard,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 David Aparco-Cardenas , Jancarlo F. Gomes , Alexandre X. Falcão , Pedro J. de Rezende

Despite significant progress over the past few years, ambiguity is still a key challenge in Facial Expression Recognition (FER). It can lead to noisy and inconsistent annotation, which hinders the performance of deep learning models in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Nhat Le , Khanh Nguyen , Quang Tran , Erman Tjiputra , Bac Le , Anh Nguyen

Although there has been much progress in the area of facial expression recognition (FER), most existing methods suffer when presented with images that have been captured from viewing angles that are non-frontal and substantially different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Shuvendu Roy , Ali Etemad

Emotion recognition is involved in several real-world applications. With an increase in available modalities, automatic understanding of emotions is being performed more accurately. The success in Multimodal Emotion Recognition (MER),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Riccardo Franceschini , Enrico Fini , Cigdem Beyan , Alessandro Conti , Federica Arrigoni , Elisa Ricci

Recently, deep learning based facial expression recognition (FER) methods have attracted considerable attention and they usually require large-scale labelled training data. Nonetheless, the publicly available facial expression databases…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Yan Yan , Ying Huang , Si Chen , Chunhua Shen , Hanzi Wang

This study investigates the key characteristics and suitability of widely used Facial Expression Recognition (FER) datasets for training deep learning models. In the field of affective computing, FER is essential for interpreting human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 F. Xavier Gaya-Morey , Cristina Manresa-Yee , Célia Martinie , Jose M. Buades-Rubio

Large amounts of labeled training data are one of the main contributors to the great success that deep models have achieved in the past. Label acquisition for tasks other than benchmarks can pose a challenge due to requirements of both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Clemens-Alexander Brust , Christoph Käding , Joachim Denzler

Contrastive learning has achieved state-of-the-art performance in various self-supervised learning tasks and even outperforms its supervised counterpart. Despite its empirical success, theoretical understanding of the superiority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Wenlong Ji , Zhun Deng , Ryumei Nakada , James Zou , Linjun Zhang

For the Facial Action Unit (AU) detection task, accurately capturing the subtle facial differences between distinct AUs is essential for reliable detection. Additionally, AU detection faces challenges from class imbalance and the presence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Ziqiao Shang , Bin Liu , Fengmao Lv , Fei Teng , Tianrui Li , Lan-Zhe Guo

Unsupervised person re-identification (re-ID) aims at closing the performance gap to supervised methods. These methods build reliable relationship between data points while learning representations. However, we empirically show that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Xuanyu He , Wei Zhang , Ran Song , Qian Zhang , Xiangyuan Lan , Lin Ma

Affective Behavior Analysis is an important part in human-computer interaction. Existing multi-task affective behavior recognition methods suffer from the problem of incomplete labeled datasets. To tackle this problem, this paper presents a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Lingfeng Wang , Shisen Wang , Jin Qi , Kenji Suzuki

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a critical task within computer vision with diverse applications across various domains. Addressing the challenge of limited FER datasets, which hampers the generalization capability of expression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Bach Nguyen-Xuan , Thien Nguyen-Hoang , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , Nhu Tai-Do

Although deep learning are commonly employed for image recognition, usually huge amount of labeled training data is required, which may not always be readily available. This leads to a noticeable performance disparity when compared to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Enoch Solomon , Abraham Woubie , Eyael Solomon Emiru

The rapid aging of the global population has highlighted the need for technologies to support elderly, particularly in healthcare and emotional well-being. Facial expression recognition (FER) systems offer a non-invasive means of monitoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 F. Xavier Gaya-Morey , Jose M. Buades-Rubio , Philippe Palanque , Raquel Lacuesta , Cristina Manresa-Yee