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Related papers: Unveiling Causal Mediation Pathways in High-Dimens…

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Mediation analysis is widely used for investigating direct and indirect causal pathways through which an effect arises. However, many mediation analysis studies are challenged by missingness in the mediator and outcome. In general, when the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-25 Shuozhi Zuo , Debashis Ghosh , Peng Ding , Fan Yang

An important problem in causal inference is to break down the total effect of a treatment on an outcome into different causal pathways and to quantify the causal effect in each pathway. For instance, in causal fairness, the total effect of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-10 Lu Cheng , Ruocheng Guo , Huan Liu

Studies have shown that exposure to air pollution, even at low levels, significantly increases mortality. As regulatory actions are becoming prohibitively expensive, robust evidence to guide the development of targeted interventions to…

Applications · Statistics 2018-02-20 Kwonsang Lee , Dylan S. Small , Francesca Dominici

Mediation analysis for probabilities of causation (PoC) provides a fundamental framework for evaluating the necessity and sufficiency of treatment in provoking an event through different causal pathways. One of the primary objectives of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-09 Yuta Kawakami , Jin Tian

A parametric expression for causal natural direct and indirect effects is derived for the setting of a binary outcome with a binary mediator. The proposed effect decomposition does not require the outcome to be rare and generalizes the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-13 Marco Doretti , Martina Raggi , Elena Stanghellini

Although the exposure can be randomly assigned in studies of mediation effects, any form of direct intervention on the mediator is often infeasible. As a result, unmeasured mediator-outcome confounding can seldom be ruled out. We propose…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-30 BaoLuo Sun , Ting Ye

This study introduces a nonparametric definition of interaction and provides an approach to both interaction discovery and efficient estimation of this parameter. Using stochastic shift interventions and ensemble machine learning, our…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-01 David B. McCoy , Alan E. Hubbard , Alejandro Schuler , Mark J. van der Laan

Evaluating causal treatment effects in observational studies requires addressing confounding. While the back-door criterion enables identification through adjustment for observed covariates, it fails in the presence of unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-04 Anna Guo , David Benkeser , Razieh Nabi

Social network interference induces complex dependencies where a unit's outcome is influenced not only by its own exposure and mediator but also by those of connected neighbors. In such settings, a significant challenge lies in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-03 Ritoban Kundu , Peter X. K. Song

We examine the problem of causal response estimation for complex objects (e.g., text, images, genomics). In this setting, classical \emph{atomic} interventions are often not available (e.g., changes to characters, pixels, DNA base-pairs).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Limor Gultchin , David S. Watson , Matt J. Kusner , Ricardo Silva

Questions concerning mediated causal effects are of great interest in psychology, cognitive science, medicine, social science, public health, and many other disciplines. For instance, about 60% of recent papers published in leading journals…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-05 Ilya Shpitser

Mediation analysis aims to separate the indirect effect through mediators from the direct effect of the exposure on the outcome. It is challenging to perform mediation analysis with neuroimaging data which involves high dimensionality,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-30 Yuliang Xu , Timothy D Johnson , Mary Heitzeg , Jian Kang

Partial identification approaches are a flexible and robust alternative to standard point-identification approaches in general instrumental variable models. However, this flexibility comes at the cost of a ``curse of cardinality'': the…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-06-30 Florian Gunsilius

Estimating treatment effects in networks is challenging, as each potential outcome depends on the treatments of all other nodes in the network. To overcome this difficulty, existing methods typically impose an exposure mapping that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Maresa Schröder , Miruna Oprescu , Stefan Feuerriegel , Nathan Kallus

In animal behavior studies, a common goal is to investigate the causal pathways between an exposure and outcome, and a mediator that lies in between. Causal mediation analysis provides a principled approach for such studies. Although many…

Given empirical evidence for the dependence of an outcome variable on an exposure variable, we can typically only provide bounds for the "probability of causation" in the case of an individual who has developed the outcome after being…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-28 A. P. Dawid , R. Murtas , M. Musio

Thanks to technological advances leading to near-continuous time observations, emerging multivariate point process data offer new opportunities for causal discovery. However, a key obstacle in achieving this goal is that many relevant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-15 Xu Wang , Ali Shojaie

In many applications, researchers are interested in the direct and indirect causal effects of a treatment or exposure on an outcome of interest. Mediation analysis offers a rigorous framework for identifying and estimating these causal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-08 Yizhen Xu , Numair Sani , AmirEmad Ghassami , Ilya Shpitser

Not accounting for competing events in survival analysis can lead to biased estimates, as individuals who die from other causes do not have the opportunity to develop the event of interest. Formal definitions and considerations for causal…

Selection of covariates is crucial in the estimation of average treatment effects given observational data with high or even ultra-high dimensional pretreatment variables. Existing methods for this problem typically assume sparse linear…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-20 Juan Chen , Yingchun Zhou