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We study a stochastic $N$-particle system representing economic agents in a population randomly exchanging their money, which is associated to a class of one-dimensional kinetic equations modelling the evolution of the distribution of…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-17 Roberto Cortez

We build simple models for the distribution of voting patterns in a group, using the Supreme Court of the United States as an example. The least structured, or maximum entropy, model that is consistent with the observed pairwise…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-09-30 Edward D. Lee , Chase P. Broedersz , William Bialek

This paper highlights the size-dependency of income distributions, i.e. the income distribution curves versus the population of a country systematically. By using the generalized Lotka-Volterra model to fit the empirical income data in the…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2011-04-06 Jiang Zhang , You-Gui Wang

Pareto law, which states that wealth distribution in societies have a power-law tail, has been a subject of intensive investigations in statistical physics community. Several models have been employed to explain this behavior. However, most…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2009-11-13 M. Ali Saif , Prashant M. Gade

Entropy is being used in physics, mathematics, informatics and in related areas to describe equilibration, dissipation, maximal probability states and optimal compression of information. The Gini index on the other hand is an established…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-07-19 Tamás S. Biró , Zoltán Néda

We study distributions which have both fractal and non-fractal scale regions by introducing a typical scale into a scale invariant system. As one of models in which distributions follow power law in the large scale region and deviate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-18 Atushi Ishikawa , Tadao Suzuki

Power-law distributions are common, particularly in social physics. Here, we explore whether power-laws might arise as a consequence of a general variational principle for stochastic processes. We describe communities of 'social particles',…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-12-30 G. J. Peterson , K. A. Dill

This paper develops a nonparametric statistical model of wealth distribution that imposes little structure on the fluctuations of household wealth. In this setting, we use new techniques to obtain a closed-form household-by-household…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2016-01-19 Ricardo T. Fernholz

In this paper the general principles and categories of mixed economy that currently exist in almost all countries of the world are presented. The paper also presents an Advanced Model of Mixed Economy with Threshold (AMMET), which is…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-04-29 Ion Spanulescu , Anca Gheorghiu

The argument that the alarming level of Gini coefficient is 0.4 is very popular, especially in the media industry, all around the world for a long time. Although the 0.4 standard is widely accepted, the derivation of the value lacks rigid…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-09-16 Yong Tao , Xiangjun Wu , Changshuai Li

This paper investigates the emergence of wealth inequality through a minimalist kinetic exchange model that incorporates two fundamental economic features: fixed-amount transactions and hard budget constraints. In contrast to the maximum…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-12 Jihyuan Liuh

To know the statistical distribution of a variable is an important problem in management of resources. Distributions of the power law type are observed in many real systems. However power law distributions have an infinite variance and thus…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-12-02 Hari M. Gupta , Jose R. Campanha

Statistical physicists and social scientists both study extensively some characteristic features of the unequal distributions of energy, cluster or avalanche sizes and of income, wealth etc among the particles (or sites) and population…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-10-26 Asim Ghosh , Soumyajyoti Biswas , Bikas K. Chakrabarti

We propose a highly schematic economic model in which, in some cases, wage inequalities lead to higher overall social welfare. This is due to the fact that high earners can consume low productivity, non essential products, which allows…

General Economics · Economics 2020-04-22 Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

We consider a model of power distribution in a social system where a set of agents play a simple game on a graph: the probability of winning each round is proportional to the agent's current power, and the winner gets more power as a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-07-30 Silvia N. Santalla , Kostadin Koroutchev , Elka Korutcheva , Javier Rodriguez-Laguna

This paper explores the relationship between the inner economical structure of communities and their population distribution through a rank-rank analysis of official data, along statistical physics ideas within two techniques. The data is…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2015-08-17 Roy Cerqueti , Marcel Ausloos

In this paper, we analyze the long-term distributive impact of climate change through rising food prices. We use a standard incomplete markets model and account for non-linear Engel curves for food consumption. For the calibration of our…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-31 Alkis Blanz

Global historical series spanning the last two centuries recently became available for primary energy consumption (PEC) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Based on a thorough analysis of the data, we propose a new, simple macroeconomic model…

General Economics · Economics 2021-11-03 Herve Bercegol , Henri Benisty

A new non-parametric statistic is introduced for the characterization of deviations from power laws. It is tested on the distribution of seismic energies given by the Gutenberg-Richter law. Based on the two first statistical log-moments, it…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Pisarenko , D. Sornette , M. Rodkin

The rich-get-richer mechanism (agents increase their ``wealth'' randomly at a rate proportional to their holdings) is often invoked to explain the Pareto power-law distribution observed in many physical situations, such as the degree…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 James P. Bagrow , Jie Sun , Daniel ben-Avraham