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Bug reproduction is a critical developer activity that is also challenging to automate, as bug reports are often in natural language and thus can be difficult to transform to test cases consistently. As a result, existing techniques mostly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Sungmin Kang , Juyeon Yoon , Nargiz Askarbekkyzy , Shin Yoo

Logging statements are central to debugging, failure diagnosis, and production observability, yet writing them requires developers to decide where to place a logging statement, which API and severity level to use, and what runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Renyi Zhong , Yichen Li , Yulun Wu , Jinxi Kuang , Yintong Huo , Michael R. Lyu

The rapid proliferation of diverse programming languages presents both opportunities and challenges for developing multilingual code LLMs. While existing techniques often train code LLMs by simply aggregating multilingual code data, few…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Shangbo Yun , Xiaodong Gu , Jianghong Huang , Beijun Shen

This dissertation presents an evaluation of several language models on software defect datasets. A language Model (LM) "can provide word representation and probability indication of word sequences as the core component of an NLP system."…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Kailun Wang

Deep learning has gained substantial popularity in recent years. Developers mainly rely on libraries and tools to add deep learning capabilities to their software. What kinds of bugs are frequently found in such software? What are the root…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Md Johirul Islam , Giang Nguyen , Rangeet Pan , Hridesh Rajan

In issue tracking systems, each bug is assigned a priority level (e.g., Blocker, Critical, Major, Minor, or Trivial in JIRA from highest to lowest), which indicates the urgency level of the bug. In this sense, understanding bug priority…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Zengyang Li , Guangzong Cai , Qinyi Yu , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Hui Liu

Bug localization is a crucial aspect of software maintenance, running through the entire software lifecycle. Information retrieval-based bug localization (IRBL) identifies buggy code based on bug reports, expediting the bug resolution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Feifei Niu , Chuanyi Li , Kui Liu , Xin Xia , David Lo

Large Language Models (LLMs) transform artificial intelligence, driving advancements in natural language understanding, text generation, and autonomous systems. The increasing complexity of their development and deployment introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Shenao Wang , Yanjie Zhao , Zhao Liu , Quanchen Zou , Haoyu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved code generation, particularly in one-pass code generation. However, most existing approaches focus solely on generating code in a single programming language, overlooking the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Tengfei Xue , Xuefeng Li , Tahir Azim , Roman Smirnov , Jianhui Yu , Arash Sadrieh , Babak Pahlavan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited significant proficiency in code debugging, especially in automatic program repair, which may substantially reduce the time consumption of developers and enhance their efficiency. Significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jingjing Liu , Zeming Liu , Zihao Cheng , Mengliang He , Xiaoming Shi , Yuhang Guo , Xiangrong Zhu , Yuanfang Guo , Yunhong Wang , Haifeng Wang

R and Python are among the most popular languages used in many critical data analytics tasks. However, we still do not fully understand the capabilities of these two languages w.r.t. bugs encountered in data analytics tasks. What type of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Shibbir Ahmed , Mohammad Wardat , Hamid Bagheri , Breno Dantas Cruz , Hridesh Rajan

Security vulnerability in third-party dependencies is a growing concern not only for developers of the affected software, but for the risks it poses to an entire software ecosystem, e.g., Heartbleed vulnerability. Recent studies show that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Bodin Chinthanet , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Shane McIntosh , Takashi Ishio , Akinori Ihara , Kenichi Matsumoto

Today's pursuit of a single Large Language Model (LMM) for all software engineering tasks is resource-intensive and overlooks the potential benefits of complementarity, where different models contribute unique strengths. However, the degree…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fernando Vallecillos-Ruiz , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Large language model (LLM)-based debugging systems can generate failure explanations, but these explanations may be incomplete or incorrect. Misleading explanations are harmful for downstream tasks (e.g., bug triage, bug fixing). We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Julius Porbeck , Christian Medeiros Adriano , Holger Giese

Software bugs require developers to exert significant effort to identify and resolve them, often consuming about one-third of their time. Bug localization, the process of pinpointing the exact source code files that need modification, is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Partha Chakraborty , Mahmoud Alfadel , Meiyappan Nagappan

We investigate a surprising limitation of LLMs: their inability to consistently generate text in a user's desired language. We create the Language Confusion Benchmark (LCB) to evaluate such failures, covering 15 typologically diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Kelly Marchisio , Wei-Yin Ko , Alexandre Bérard , Théo Dehaze , Sebastian Ruder

Open source machine learning (ML) libraries enable developers to integrate advanced ML functionality into their own applications. However, popular ML libraries, such as TensorFlow, are not available natively in all programming languages and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Hao Li , Cor-Paul Bezemer

Code generation aims to synthesize code and fulfill functional requirements based on natural language (NL) specifications, which can greatly improve development efficiency. In the era of large language models (LLMs), large code models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Chaozheng Wang , Zongjie Li , Cuiyun Gao , Wenxuan Wang , Ting Peng , Hailiang Huang , Yuetang Deng , Shuai Wang , Michael R. Lyu

Refactoring is a common practice in software development, aimed at improving the internal code structure in order to make it easier to understand and modify. Consequently, it is often assumed that refactoring makes the code less prone to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Isabella Ferreira , Lawrence Arkoh , Anderson Uchôa , Ana Carla Bibiano , Alessandro Garcia , Wesley K. G. Assunção

Code translation between programming languages (PLs) is a critical task in software engineering, facilitating the modernization of legacy systems, ensuring cross-platform compatibility, and enhancing software performance. Most existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Marcos Macedo , Yuan Tian , Filipe R. Cogo , Bram Adams