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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in text generation, yet their emotional consistency and semantic coherence in social media contexts remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates how LLMs handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Wentao Xu , Wenlu Fan , Yuqi Zhu , Bin Wang

Sentiment analysis (SA) has been a long-standing research area in natural language processing. It can offer rich insights into human sentiments and opinions and has thus seen considerable interest from both academia and industry. With the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Wenxuan Zhang , Yue Deng , Bing Liu , Sinno Jialin Pan , Lidong Bing

This paper investigates the challenges of affect control in large language models (LLMs), focusing on their ability to express appropriate emotional states during extended dialogues. We evaluated state-of-the-art open-weight LLMs to assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Gino Franco Fazzi , Julie Skoven Hinge , Stefan Heinrich , Paolo Burelli

Emotional tone is pervasive in human communication, yet its influence on large language model (LLM) behaviour remains unclear. Here, we examine how first-person emotional framing in user-side queries affect LLM performance across six…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Minda Zhao , Yutong Yang , Chufei Peng , Rachel Gonsalves , Weiyue Li , Ruyi Yang , Zhixi Liu , Mengyu Wang

Despite widespread success in language understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) exhibit unclear and often inconsistent behavior when faced with tasks that require probabilistic reasoning. In this work, we present the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mobina Pournemat , Keivan Rezaei , Gaurang Sriramanan , Arman Zarei , Jiaxiang Fu , Yang Wang , Hamid Eghbalzadeh , Soheil Feizi

As the demand for emotional intelligence in large language models (LLMs) grows, a key challenge lies in understanding the internal mechanisms that give rise to emotional expression and in controlling emotions in generated text. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Chenxi Wang , Yixuan Zhang , Ruiji Yu , Yufei Zheng , Lang Gao , Zirui Song , Zixiang Xu , Gus Xia , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao , Xiuying Chen

The human-level performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various tasks has raised expectations for the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to possess emotions someday. To explore the capability of current LLMs to express…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Shin-nosuke Ishikawa , Atsushi Yoshino

The versatility of Large Language Models (LLMs) in natural language understanding has made them increasingly popular in mental health research. While many studies explore LLMs' capabilities in emotion recognition, a critical gap remains in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Bangzhao Shu , Isha Joshi , Melissa Karnaze , Anh C. Pham , Ishita Kakkar , Sindhu Kothe , Arpine Hovasapian , Mai ElSherief

Prior behavioural work suggests that some LLMs alter choices when options are framed as causing pain or pleasure, and that such deviations can scale with stated intensity. To bridge behavioural evidence (what the model does) with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Francesca Bianco , Derek Shiller

Emotion estimation in images is a challenging task, typically using computer vision methods to directly estimate people's emotions using face, body pose and contextual cues. In this paper, we explore whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Vera Yang , Archita Srivastava , Yasaman Etesam , Chuxuan Zhang , Angelica Lim

The impressive linguistic abilities of large language models (LLMs) have recommended them as models of human sentence processing, with some conjecturing a positive 'quality-power' relationship (Wilcox et al., 2023), in which language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yi-Chien Lin , Hongao Zhu , William Schuler

Large language models (LLMs) reflect societal norms and biases, especially about gender. While societal biases and stereotypes have been extensively researched in various NLP applications, there is a surprising gap for emotion analysis.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Amanda Cercas Curry , Alba Curry , Gavin Abercrombie , Dirk Hovy

Large language models are routinely deployed on text that varies widely in emotional tone, yet their reasoning behavior is typically evaluated without accounting for emotion as a source of representational variation. Prior work has largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Benjamin Reichman , Adar Avsian , Samuel Webster , Larry Heck

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

Sentiment analysis in low-resource, culturally nuanced contexts challenges conventional NLP approaches that assume fixed labels and universal affective expressions. We present a diagnostic framework that treats sentiment as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Millicent Ochieng , Anja Thieme , Ignatius Ezeani , Risa Ueno , Samuel Maina , Keshet Ronen , Javier Gonzalez , Jacki O'Neill

Language is typically modelled with discrete sequences. However, the most successful approaches to language modelling, namely neural networks, are continuous and smooth function approximators. In this work, we show that Transformer-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Samuele Marro , Davide Evangelista , X. Angelo Huang , Emanuele La Malfa , Michele Lombardi , Michael Wooldridge

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as human-like decision-making agents in social science and applied settings. These LLM-agents are typically assigned human-like characters and placed in real-life contexts. However, how these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Ji Ma

Sentiment analysis is a vital tool for uncovering insights from financial articles, news, and social media, shaping our understanding of market movements. Despite the impressive capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in financial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Boyu Zhang , Hongyang Yang , Xiao-Yang Liu

The geometric structure of latent representations in large language models (LLMs) is an active area of research, driven in part by its implications for model transparency and AI safety. Existing literature has focused mainly on general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Benjamin J. Choi , Melanie Weber

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi