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Language models typically need to be trained or finetuned in order to acquire new knowledge, which involves updating their weights. We instead envision language models that can simply read and memorize new data at inference time, thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Yuhuai Wu , Markus N. Rabe , DeLesley Hutchins , Christian Szegedy

Fine-tuning and in-context learning (ICL) are two prevalent methods in imbuing large language models with task-specific knowledge. It is commonly believed that fine-tuning can surpass ICL given sufficient training samples as it allows the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Qingyu Yin , Xuzheng He , Luoao Deng , Chak Tou Leong , Fan Wang , Yanzhao Yan , Xiaoyu Shen , Qiang Zhang

While large language models demonstrate remarkable capabilities at task-specific applications through fine-tuning, extending these benefits across diverse languages is essential for broad accessibility. However, effective cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Danni Liu , Jan Niehues

Prompt tuning, in which a base pretrained model is adapted to each task via conditioning on learned prompt vectors, has emerged as a promising approach for efficiently adapting large language models to multiple downstream tasks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Zhen Wang , Rameswar Panda , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Huan Sun , Yoon Kim

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Nonetheless, it is challenging to deploy and fine-tune LLMs on mobile edge devices with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yuhao Chen , Yuxuan Yan , Qianqian Yang , Yuanchao Shu , Shibo He , Jiming Chen

Large-scale Transformer models have significantly promoted the recent development of natural language processing applications. However, little effort has been made to unify the effective models. In this paper, driven by providing a new set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Dezhou Shen

Fine-tuning large language models is becoming ever more impractical due to their rapidly-growing scale. This motivates the use of parameter-efficient adaptation methods such as prompt tuning (PT), which adds a small number of tunable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Simeng Sun , Yang Liu , Dan Iter , Chenguang Zhu , Mohit Iyyer

Recent advances in fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their usage in domain-specific tasks. Despite the success, fine-tuning continues to rely on repeated and lengthy prompts, which escalate computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Jiaru Zou , Mengyu Zhou , Tao Li , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Parameter-efficient transfer learning (PETL), i.e., fine-tuning a small portion of parameters, is an effective strategy for adapting pre-trained models to downstream domains. To further reduce the memory demand, recent PETL works focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Haiwen Diao , Bo Wan , Ying Zhang , Xu Jia , Huchuan Lu , Long Chen

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models on downstream tasks has become the de-facto learning paradigm in NLP. However, conventional approaches fine-tune all the parameters of the pre-trained model, which becomes prohibitive as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Junxian He , Chunting Zhou , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a strong capacity for in-context learning: Given labeled examples, they can generate good predictions without parameter updates. However, many interactive settings go beyond static prediction to online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Emile Anand , Abdullah Ateyeh , Xinyuan Cao , Max Dabagia

Recent work explored the potential of large-scale Transformer-based pre-trained models, especially Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) in natural language processing. This raises many concerns from various perspectives, e.g., financial costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Yuxin Ren , Benyou Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

With the burgeoning development in the realm of large language models (LLMs), the demand for efficient incremental training tailored to specific industries and domains continues to increase. Currently, the predominantly employed frameworks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yixuan Weng , Zhiqi Wang , Huanxuan Liao , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Incremental processing allows interactive systems to respond based on partial inputs, which is a desirable property e.g. in dialogue agents. The currently popular Transformer architecture inherently processes sequences as a whole,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Patrick Kahardipraja , Brielen Madureira , David Schlangen

Transformer-based language models (LMs) pretrained on large text collections are proven to store a wealth of semantic knowledge. However, 1) they are not effective as sentence encoders when used off-the-shelf, and 2) thus typically lag…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Ivan Vulić , Pei-Hao Su , Sam Coope , Daniela Gerz , Paweł Budzianowski , Iñigo Casanueva , Nikola Mrkšić , Tsung-Hsien Wen

The increasing scale of Transformer models has led to an increase in their pre-training computational requirements. While quantization has proven to be effective after pre-training and during fine-tuning, applying quantization in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Kamran Chitsaz , Quentin Fournier , Gonçalo Mordido , Sarath Chandar

Modern large language foundation models (LLM) have now entered the daily lives of millions of users. We ask a natural question whether it is possible to customize LLM for every user or every task. From system and industrial economy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianqiao Wangni

A major limitation for the broader scope of problems solvable by transformers is the quadratic scaling of computational complexity with input size. In this study, we investigate the recurrent memory augmentation of pre-trained transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Aydar Bulatov , Yuri Kuratov , Yermek Kapushev , Mikhail S. Burtsev

Large transformer models pretrained on offline reinforcement learning datasets have demonstrated remarkable in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) capabilities, where they can make good decisions when prompted with interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Licong Lin , Yu Bai , Song Mei

Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient way to deploy large-scale pre-trained models to downstream tasks by adding task-specific tokens. In terms of vision-language pre-trained (VLP) models, prompt tuning often requires a large number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Qiong Wu , Shubin Huang , Yiyi Zhou , Pingyang Dai , Annan Shu , Guannan Jiang , Rongrong Ji