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Score estimation is the backbone of score-based generative models (SGMs), especially denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs). A key result in this area shows that with accurate score estimates, SGMs can efficiently generate samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-08 Sinho Chewi , Alkis Kalavasis , Anay Mehrotra , Omar Montasser

Diffusion models are distinguished by their exceptional generative performance, particularly in producing high-quality samples through iterative denoising. While current theory suggests that the number of denoising steps required for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai , Yuting Wei

Score matching has become a central training objective in modern generative modeling, particularly in diffusion models, where it is used to learn high-dimensional data distributions through the estimation of score functions. Despite its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yiran Zhang , Weihang Xu , Mo Zhou , Maryam Fazel , Simon Shaolei Du

We give a new algorithm for learning mixtures of $k$ Gaussians (with identity covariance in $\mathbb{R}^n$) to TV error $\varepsilon$, with quasi-polynomial ($O(n^{\text{poly\,log}\left(\frac{n+k}{\varepsilon}\right)})$) time and sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Khashayar Gatmiry , Jonathan Kelner , Holden Lee

Transformer-based diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance at generating high-quality samples. However, our theoretical understanding of the reasons for this success remains limited. For instance, existing models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hongkang Li , Hancheng Min , Rene Vidal

The decentralized gradient descent (DGD) algorithm, and its sibling, diffusion, are workhorses in decentralized machine learning, distributed inference and estimation, and multi-agent coordination. We propose a novel, principled framework…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Erik G. Larsson , Nicolo Michelusi

The learning of Gaussian Mixture Models (also referred to simply as GMMs) plays an important role in machine learning. Known for their expressiveness and interpretability, Gaussian mixture models have a wide range of applications, from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Ruichong Zhang

Score-based diffusion models, which generate new data by learning to reverse a diffusion process that perturbs data from the target distribution into noise, have achieved remarkable success across various generative tasks. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

We study the problem of learning mixtures of $k$ Gaussians in $d$ dimensions. We make no separation assumptions on the underlying mixture components: we only require that the covariance matrices have bounded condition number and that the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sitan Chen , Vasilis Kontonis , Kulin Shah

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) have recently achieved remarkable results in conditional and unconditional image generation. The pre-trained models can be adapted without further training to different downstream tasks, by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Asya Grechka , Guillaume Couairon , Matthieu Cord

This paper investigates score-based diffusion models when the underlying target distribution is concentrated on or near low-dimensional manifolds within the higher-dimensional space in which they formally reside, a common characteristic of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

This work explores the theoretical and practical foundations of denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) and score-based generative models, which leverage stochastic processes and Brownian motion to model complex data distributions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Jathin Korrapati , Tanish Baranwal , Rahul Shah

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) are powerful state-of-the-art methods used to generate synthetic data from high-dimensional data distributions and are widely used for image, audio, and video generation as well as many more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-25 Iskander Azangulov , George Deligiannidis , Judith Rousseau

Generative modeling aims to produce new random examples from an unknown target distribution, given access to a finite collection of examples. Among the leading approaches, denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) construct such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-12 Vahan Arsenyan , Elen Vardanyan , Arnak Dalalyan

We provide theoretical convergence guarantees for score-based generative models (SGMs) such as denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs), which constitute the backbone of large-scale real-world generative models such as DALL$\cdot$E…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Sitan Chen , Sinho Chewi , Jerry Li , Yuanzhi Li , Adil Salim , Anru R. Zhang

Diffusion models (DMs) are a type of generative model that has a huge impact on image synthesis and beyond. They achieve state-of-the-art generation results in various generative tasks. A great diversity of conditioning inputs, such as text…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Weiguo Lu , Xuan Wu , Deng Ding , Jinqiao Duan , Jirong Zhuang , Gangnan Yuan

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM) are a class of generative models which have recently been shown to produce excellent samples. We show that with a few simple modifications, DDPMs can also achieve competitive log-likelihoods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Alex Nichol , Prafulla Dhariwal

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) are a recent family of generative models that achieve state-of-the-art results. In order to obtain class-conditional generation, it was suggested to guide the diffusion process by gradients…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Bahjat Kawar , Roy Ganz , Michael Elad

Diffusion Models (DMs), also referred to as score-based diffusion models, utilize neural networks to specify score functions. Unlike most other probabilistic models, DMs directly model the score functions, which makes them more flexible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Weijian Luo

Reversing a diffusion process by learning its score forms the heart of diffusion-based generative modeling and for estimating properties of scientific systems. The diffusion processes that are tractable center on linear processes with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Raghav Singhal , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath
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