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The support of artificial intelligence (AI) based decision-making is a key element in future 6G networks, where the concept of native AI will be introduced. Moreover, AI is widely employed in different critical applications such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi , Ali J. Ghandour , Laurent Clavier

Deep learning (DL), a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, has shown great promise in various disciplines such as image classification and segmentation, speech recognition, language translation, among others. This remarkable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Wonjun Kim , Yongjun Ahn , Jinhong Kim , Byonghyo Shim

When 5G began its commercialisation journey around 2020, the discussion on the vision of 6G also surfaced. Researchers expect 6G to have higher bandwidth, coverage, reliability, energy efficiency, lower latency, and an integrated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Shen Wang , M. Atif Qureshi , Luis Miralles-Pechuán , Thien Huynh-The , Thippa Reddy Gadekallu , Madhusanka Liyanage

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made leapfrogs in development across all the industrial sectors especially when deep learning has been introduced. Deep learning helps to learn the behaviour of an entity through methods of recognising and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Qinghao Ye , Jun Xia , Guang Yang

As the 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks are bringing about global societal benefits, the design phase for the 6th Generation (6G) has started. 6G will need to enable greater levels of autonomy, improve human machine interfacing, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-21 Weisi Guo

Nowadays, deep neural networks are widely used in mission critical systems such as healthcare, self-driving vehicles, and military which have direct impact on human lives. However, the black-box nature of deep neural networks challenges its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Arun Das , Paul Rad

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical tool for interpreting the predictions of complex deep learning models. While XAI has been increasingly applied in various domains within acoustics, its use in bioacoustics,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zubair Faruqui , Mackenzie S. McIntire , Rahul Dubey , Jay McEntee

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to develop transparent explanatory approaches for "black-box" deep learning models. However,it remains difficult for existing methods to achieve the trade-off of the three key criteria in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Changqi Sun , Hao Xu , Yuntian Chen , Dongxiao Zhang

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses the growing need for transparency and interpretability in AI systems, enabling trust and accountability in decision-making processes. This book offers a comprehensive guide to XAI,…

Last years have been characterized by an upsurge of opaque automatic decision support systems, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Although they have great generalization and prediction skills, their functioning does not allow obtaining…

Explainable AI (XAI) is essential for understanding machine learning (ML) decision-making and ensuring model trustworthiness in scientific applications. Prototype-based XAI methods offer an intrinsically interpretable alternative to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Anushka Narayanan , Karianne J. Bergen

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

Given the complexity and lack of transparency in deep neural networks (DNNs), extensive efforts have been made to make these systems more interpretable or explain their behaviors in accessible terms. Unlike most reviews, which focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Haoyi Xiong , Xuhong Li , Xiaofei Zhang , Jiamin Chen , Xinhao Sun , Yuchen Li , Zeyi Sun , Mengnan Du

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently attracted great attention in geoscience due to their ability to capture non-linear system behavior and extract predictive spatiotemporal patterns. Given their black-box nature however, and…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-09-07 Antonios Mamalakis , Elizabeth A. Barnes , Imme Ebert-Uphoff

As the manufacturing industry advances with sensor integration and automation, the opaque nature of deep learning models in machine learning poses a significant challenge for fault detection and diagnosis. And despite the related predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ahmed Maged , Salah Haridy , Herman Shen

There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

With the widespread deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks, research on sixth-generation (6G) technology is gaining momentum. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is anticipated to play a significant role in 6G, particularly through…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zhen Qiao , Jiang Xue , Junkai Zhang , Guanzhang Liu , Xiaoqin Ma , Runhua Li , Faheem A. Khan , John S. Thompson , Zongben Xu

Communication networks are becoming increasingly complex towards 6G. Manual management is no longer an option for network operators. Network automation has been widely discussed in the networking community, and it is a sensible means to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Yulei Wu , Guozhi Lin , Jingguo Ge

AI-native architectures are vital for 6G wireless communications. The black-box nature and high complexity of deep learning models employed in critical applications, such as channel estimation, limit their practical deployment. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide insights into the decision-making process of AI models, allowing users to understand their results beyond their decisions. A significant goal of XAI is to improve the performance of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Andrea Apicella , Luca Di Lorenzo , Francesco Isgrò , Andrea Pollastro , Roberto Prevete
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