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The redshifted 21-cm line of distant neutral H atoms provides a probe of the cosmic ``dark ages'' and the epoch of reionization (``EOR'') which ended them. The radio continuum produced by this redshifted line can be seen in absorption or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Paul R. Shapiro , Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Ue-Li Pen , Hugh Merz

We use numerical simulations of hydrogen reionization by stellar sources in the context of LCDM cosmogonies to investigate the 21 (1+z) cm radio signal expected from the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the epoch of reionization…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-07-09 B. Ciardi , P. Madau

Studying the cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization through the redshifted 21 cm line are among the major science goals of the SKA1. Their significance lies in the fact that they are closely related to the very first stars in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-23 T. Roy Choudhury , Kanan Datta , Suman Majumdar , Raghunath Ghara , Aseem Paranjape , Rajesh Mondal , Somnath Bharadwaj , Saumyadip Samui

The morphology of the 21-cm signal emitted by the neutral hydrogen present in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) depends both on the properties of the sources of ionizing radiation and on the underlying…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-04 Leon Noble , Mohd Kamran , Suman Majumdar , Chandra Shekhar Murmu , Raghunath Ghara , Garrelt Mellema , Ilian T. Iliev , Jonathan R. Pritchard

The epoch of reionization (EoR), marking the Universe's transition from a neutral to ionized state, represents a pivotal phase for understanding the formation of the first stars and galaxies. Intensity mapping of atomic and molecular lines,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-17 Anirban Roy , Anthony Pullen , Patrick C. Breysse , Rachel S. Somerville

A number of current and future experiments aim to detect the reionization of neutral hydrogen by the first stars and galaxies in the Universe via the redshifted 21cm line. Using the \textsc{BlueTides} simulation, we investigate the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-20 James E Davies , Rupert A. Croft , Tiziana Di-Matteo , Bradley Greig , Yu Feng , Stuart Wyithe

We explore the impact of incorporating physically motivated ionisation and recombination rates on the history and topology of cosmic reionisation, by incorporating inputs from small-volume hydrodynamic simulations into a semi-numerical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-08 Sultan Hassan , Romeel Davé , Kristian Finlator , Mario G. Santos

The 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization should be observed within the next decade. While a simple statistical detection is expected with SKA pathfinders, the SKA will hopefully produce a full 3D mapping of the signal. To extract…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-28 Hayato Shimabukuro , Benoit Semelin

While limited to low spatial resolution, the next generation low-frequency radio interferometers that target 21 cm observations during the era of reionization and prior will have instantaneous fields-of-view that are many tens of square…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 M. G. Santos , L. Ferramacho , M. B. Silva , A. Amblard , A. Cooray

Tomographic three-dimensional 21 cm images from the epoch of reionization contain a wealth of information about the reionization of the intergalactic medium by astrophysical sources. Conventional power spectrum analysis cannot exploit the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-22 Xiaosheng Zhao , Yi Mao , Cheng Cheng , Benjamin D. Wandelt

Upcoming experiments will map the spatial distribution of the 21-cm signal over three-dimensional volumes of space during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Several methods have been proposed to mitigate the issue of astrophysical foreground…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-30 Jacob Kennedy , Jonathan Colaço Carr , Samuel Gagnon-Hartman , Adrian Liu , Jordan Mirocha , Yue Cui

The 21cm line from the spin-flip transition of neutral hydrogen (HI) provides a unique window into the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), the final phase transition of our Universe. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) enables precise measurements of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-09 Yannic Pietschke , Caroline Heneka , Tom Schlenker , Ayodele Ore , Benedikt Schosser

The cosmic 21 cm signal is set to revolutionise our understanding of the early Universe, allowing us to probe the 3D temperature and ionisation structure of the intergalactic medium (IGM). It will open a window onto the unseen first…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-22 Bradley Greig , Andrei Mesinger

The first generation of redshifted 21 cm detection experiments, carried out with arrays like LOFAR, MWA and GMRT, will have a very low signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element (\sim 0.2). In addition, whereas the variance of the…

The redshifted $21$\,cm signal of neutral hydrogen can be used as a direct probe of the intergalactic medium during Cosmic Dawn\,(CD) and Epoch of Reionization\,(EoR). However, detecting this inherently weak signal has numerous challenges.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-28 Samit Kumar Pal , Abhirup Datta , Aishrila Mazumder

Initial density distribution provides a basis for understanding the complete evolution of cosmological density fluctuations. While reconstruction in our local Universe exploits the observations of galaxy surveys with large volumes,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-28 Meng Zhou , Yi Mao

The low-frequency component of the upcoming Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKA-Low) will be sensitive enough to construct 3D tomographic images of the 21-cm signal distribution during reionisation. However, foreground contamination…

Detecting redshifted 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe promises to give direct constraints on the epoch of reionization (EoR). It will, though, be very challenging to extract the cosmological signal (CS) from…

Measurement of the spatial distribution of neutral hydrogen via the redshifted 21 cm line promises to revolutionize our knowledge of the epoch of reionization and the first galaxies, and may provide a powerful new tool for observational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Miguel F. Morales , J. Stuart B. Wyithe