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Temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) involves multi-hop reasoning over temporally constrained entity relationships in the knowledge graph to answer a given question. However, at each hop, large language models (LLMs) retrieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wuzhenghong Wen , Chao Xue , Su Pan , Yuwei Sun , Minlong Peng

This paper presents an empirical study of a multi-model zero-shot pipeline for knowledge graph construction and exploitation, executed entirely through local inference on consumer-grade hardware. We propose a reproducible evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Pierre Jourlin

Language model agents reason from scratch on every query, discarding their chain of thought after each run. The result is lower accuracy and high run-to-run variance. We introduce reasoning graphs, which persist the per-evidence chain of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Matthew Penaroza

Complex Logical Query Answering (CLQA) over incomplete knowledge graphs is a challenging task. Recently, Query Embedding (QE) methods are proposed to solve CLQA by performing multi-hop logical reasoning. However, most of them only consider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Chongzhi Zhang , Zhiping Peng , Junhao Zheng , Linghao Wang , Ruifeng Shi , Qianli Ma

Agentic retrieval improves multi-hop question answering by giving language models autonomy to iteratively gather evidence. Recent work augments these systems with knowledge graphs for structured traversal, but this combination introduces…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Stockton Jenkins , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak , Junjie Hu

We propose a novel speculative decoding method tailored for multi-sample reasoning scenarios, such as self-consistency and Best-of-N sampling. Our method exploits the intrinsic consensus of parallel generation paths to synthesize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yiwei Li , Jiayi Shi , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Yueqi Zhang , Ji Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

We present a novel method for mapping unrestricted text to knowledge graph entities by framing the task as a sequence-to-sequence problem. Specifically, given the encoded state of an input text, our decoder directly predicts paths in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Victor Prokhorov , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar , Nigel Collier

Multi-hop QA (MHQA) involves step-by-step reasoning to answer complex questions and find multiple relevant supporting facts. However, Existing large language models'(LLMs) reasoning ability in multi-hop question answering remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jian Wu , Linyi Yang , Yuliang Ji , Wenhao Huang , Börje F. Karlsson , Manabu Okumura

Fact-centric information needs are rarely one-shot; users typically ask follow-up questions to explore a topic. In such a conversational setting, the user's inputs are often incomplete, with entities or predicates left out, and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Philipp Christmann , Rishiraj Saha Roy , Abdalghani Abujabal , Jyotsna Singh , Gerhard Weikum

Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering(KBQA) aims to find the answer entity in a knowledge base which is several hops from the topic entity mentioned in the question. Existing Retrieval-based approaches first generate instructions from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Haowei Du , Quzhe Huang , Chen Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) still struggle with multi-hop reasoning over knowledge-graphs (KGs), and we identify a previously overlooked structural reason for this difficulty: Transformer attention heads naturally specialize in distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jinliang Liu , Jiale Bai , Shaoning Zeng

Multi-hop Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) requires coherent reasoning across relational paths, yet existing methods often treat each reasoning step independently and fail to effectively leverage experience from prior explorations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yingxu Wang , Jiaxin Huang , Mengzhu Wang , Nan Yin

Has there been real progress in multi-hop question-answering? Models often exploit dataset artifacts to produce correct answers, without connecting information across multiple supporting facts. This limits our ability to measure true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Harsh Trivedi , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal

Large language models have achieved near-expert performance in structured reasoning domains like mathematics and programming, yet their ability to perform compositional multi-hop reasoning in specialized scientific fields remains limited.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuval Kansal , Niraj K. Jha

Multi-hop QA requires the machine to answer complex questions through finding multiple clues and reasoning, and provide explanatory evidence to demonstrate the machine reasoning process. We propose Relation Extractor-Reader and Comparator…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Ruiliu Fu , Han Wang , Xuejun Zhang , Jun Zhou , Yonghong Yan

Question answering models struggle to generalize to novel compositions of training patterns, such to longer sequences or more complex test structures. Current end-to-end models learn a flat input embedding which can lose input syntax…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Yu Gai , Paras Jain , Wendi Zhang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Dawn Song , Ion Stoica

Academic question answering (QA) in heterogeneous scholarly networks presents unique challenges requiring both structural understanding and interpretable reasoning. While graph neural networks (GNNs) capture structured graph information and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Runsong Jia , Mengjia Wu , Ying Ding , Jie Lu , Yi Zhang

Multi-hop reasoning (MHR) is a process in artificial intelligence and natural language processing where a system needs to make multiple inferential steps to arrive at a conclusion or answer. In the context of knowledge graphs or databases,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jesmin Jahan Tithi , Fabio Checconi , Fabrizio Petrini

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires a model to retrieve and integrate information from different parts of a long text to answer a question. Humans answer this kind of complex questions via a divide-and-conquer approach. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Yixuan Tang , Hwee Tou Ng , Anthony K. H. Tung

This paper proposes a group deliberation oriented multi-agent conversational model to address the limitations of single large language models in complex reasoning tasks. The model adopts a three-level role division architecture consisting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zheyu Shi , Dong Qiu , Shanlong Yu