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Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Increasing availability of machine learning (ML) frameworks and tools, as well as their promise to improve solutions to data-driven decision problems, has resulted in popularity of using ML techniques in software systems. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Grace A. Lewis , Stephany Bellomo , Ipek Ozkaya

Incorporating Machine Learning (ML) into existing systems is a demand that has grown among several organizations. However, the development of ML-enabled systems encompasses several social and technical challenges, which must be addressed by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Gabriel Busquim , Allysson Allex Araújo , Maria Julia Lima , Marcos Kalinowski

Predicting problem-difficulty in large language models (LLMs) refers to estimating how difficult a task is according to the model itself, typically by training linear probes on its internal representations. In this work, we study the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Stefano Civelli , Pietro Bernardelle , Nicolò Brunello , Gianluca Demartini

A smell in software source code denotes an indication of suboptimal design and implementation decisions, potentially hindering the code understanding and, in turn, raising the likelihood of being prone to changes and faults. Identifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Anh Ho , Anh M. T. Bui , Phuong T. Nguyen , Amleto Di Salle , Bach Le

Domain experts from all fields are called upon, working with data scientists, to explore the use of ML techniques to solve their problems. Starting from a domain problem/question, ML-based problem-solving typically involves three steps: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Lokman Saleh , Hafedh Mili , Mounir Boukadoum , Abderrahmane Leshob

This paper introduces a multifaceted methodology for fine-tuning and evaluating large language models (LLMs) for specialized monetization tasks. The goal is to balance general language proficiency with domain-specific skills. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zheng Zhang , Chen Zheng , Da Tang , Ke Sun , Yukun Ma , Yingtong Bu , Xun Zhou , Liang Zhao

Following continuous software engineering practices, there has been an increasing interest in rapid deployment of machine learning (ML) features, called MLOps. In this paper, we study the importance of MLOps in the context of data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Sasu Mäkinen , Henrik Skogström , Eero Laaksonen , Tommi Mikkonen

Existing alignment methods for preference optimization of large language models (LLMs) aim to enhance model performance by utilizing pairs of positive and negative samples. However, due to the limited capacity of models in scoring or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jun Rao , Yunjie Liao , Xuebo Liu , Zepeng Lin , Lian Lian , Dong Jin , Shengjun Cheng , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

Usually considered as a classification problem, entity resolution (ER) can be very challenging on real data due to the prevalence of dirty values. The state-of-the-art solutions for ER were built on a variety of learning models (most…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Boyi Hou , Qun Chen , Yanyan Wang , Youcef Nafa , Zhanhuai Li

This paper presents six document classification models using the latest transformer encoders and a high-performing ensemble model for a task of offensive language identification in social media. For the individual models, deep transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Xiangjue Dong , Jinho D. Choi

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a greater challenge of having a rigorous and systematic evaluation of complex tasks performed, especially in enterprise applications. Therefore, LLMs need to be able to benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Bing Zhang , Mikio Takeuchi , Ryo Kawahara , Shubhi Asthana , Md. Maruf Hossain , Guang-Jie Ren , Kate Soule , Yada Zhu

Systems engineering (SE) is evolving with the availability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and the demand for a systems-of-systems perspective, formalized under the purview of mission engineering (ME) in the US Department of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Max Ofsa , Taylan G. Topcu

Comprehensive IT support teams in large scale organizations require more man power for handling engagement and requests of employees from different channels on a 24*7 basis. Automated email technical queries help desk is proposed to have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Kuruparan Shanmugalingam , Nisal Chandrasekara , Calvin Hindle , Gihan Fernando , Chanaka Gunawardhana

This study investigates teamwork dynamics in student software development projects through a mixed-method approach combining quantitative analysis of GitLab commit logs and qualitative survey data. We analyzed individual contributions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Santiago Berrezueta-Guzman , Ivan Parmacli , Mohammad Kasra Habib , Stephan Krusche , Stefan Wagner

This paper presents an ensemble part-of-speech tagging approach for source code identifiers. Ensemble tagging is a technique that uses machine-learning and the output from multiple part-of-speech taggers to annotate natural language text at…

To solve hard problems, AI relies on a variety of disciplines such as logic, probabilistic reasoning, machine learning and mathematical programming. Although it is widely accepted that solving real-world problems requires an integration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Vaishak Belle , Luc De Raedt

Lately, the practice of utilizing task-specific fine-tuning has been implemented to improve the performance of large language models (LLM) in subsequent tasks. Through the integration of diverse LLMs, the overall competency of LLMs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Mingyang Zhang , Jing Liu , Ganggui Ding , Xinyi Yu , Linlin Ou , Bohan Zhuang

Dataset scaling, also known as normalization, is an essential preprocessing step in a machine learning pipeline. It is aimed at adjusting attributes scales in a way that they all vary within the same range. This transformation is known to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Lucas B. V. de Amorim , George D. C. Cavalcanti , Rafael M. O. Cruz

Software logs generated by sophisticated network emulators in the telecommunications industry, such as VIAVI TM500, are extremely complex, often comprising tens of thousands of text lines with minimal resemblance to natural language. Only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Achintha Ihalage , Sayed M. Taheri , Faris Muhammad , Hamed Al-Raweshidy
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