Related papers: Speculative SAT Modulo SAT
We present a new model-based interpolation procedure for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). The procedure uses a new mode of interaction with the SMT solver that we call solving modulo a model. This either extends a given partial model…
The poset cover problem seeks a minimum set of partial orders whose linear extensions cover a given set of linear orders. Recognizing its NP-completeness, we devised a non-trivial reduction to the Boolean satisfiability problem using a…
This paper presents a new refutation procedure for multimodular systems of integer constraints that commonly arise when verifying cryptographic protocols. These systems, involving polynomial equalities and disequalities modulo different…
SMT-based model checkers, especially IC3-style ones, are currently the most effective techniques for verification of infinite state systems. They infer global inductive invariants via local reasoning about a single step of the transition…
With the increasing availability of parallel computing power, there is a growing focus on parallelizing algorithms for important automated reasoning problems such as Boolean satisfiability (SAT). Divide-and-Conquer (D&C) is a popular…
The Spectre family of speculative execution attacks have required a rethinking of formal methods for security. Approaches based on operational speculative semantics have made initial inroads towards finding vulnerable code and validating…
Satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) consists in testing the satisfiability of first-order formulas over linear integer or real arithmetic, or other theories. In this survey, we explain the combination of propositional satisfiability and…
All-Solution Satisfiability (AllSAT) and its extension, All-Solution Satisfiability Modulo Theories (AllSMT), have become more relevant in recent years, mainly in formal verification and artificial intelligence applications. The goal of…
The article "Interpolation and SAT-Based Model Checking" (McMillan, 2003) describes a formal-verification algorithm, which was originally devised to verify safety properties of finite-state transition systems. It derives interpolants from…
Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results on multi-step mathematical reasoning, yet at the cost of high computational overhead. This challenge is particularly acute for test-time scaling methods such as parallel…
Instances of logical cryptanalysis, circuit verification, and bounded model checking can often be succinctly represented as a combined satisfiability (SAT) problem where an instance is a combination of traditional clauses and parity…
We present various analytic and number theoretic results concerning the #SAT problem as reflected when reduced into a #PART problem. As an application we propose a heuristic to probabilistically estimate the solution of #SAT problems.
Speculative Decoding (SD) accelerates autoregressive large language model (LLM) inference by decoupling generation and verification. While recent methods improve draft quality by tightly coupling the drafter with the target model, the…
PolySAT is a word-level decision procedure supporting bit-precise SMT reasoning over polynomial arithmetic with large bit-vector operations. The PolySAT calculus extends conflict-driven clause learning modulo theories with two key…
Reasoning about array data structures is a key requirement for many applications in hardware and software verification, especially in combination with machine integers. The Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) theory of extensional arrays…
Abstract geometrical computation can solve hard combinatorial problems efficiently: we showed previously how Q-SAT can be solved in bounded space and time using instance-specific signal machines and fractal parallelization. In this article,…
Instruction Tuning involves finetuning a language model on a collection of instruction-formatted datasets in order to enhance the generalizability of the model to unseen tasks. Studies have shown the importance of balancing different task…
Discrete variables are common in many applications, such as probabilistic reasoning, planning and explainable AI. When symbolic reasoning techniques are brought in to bear on these applications, a standard technique for handling discrete…
In this paper, we present rIC3, an efficient bit-level hardware model checker primarily based on the IC3 algorithm. It boasts a highly efficient implementation and integrates several recently proposed optimizations, such as the specifically…
We present a new string SMT solver, Z3str3, that is faster than its competitors Z3str2, Norn, CVC4, S3, and S3P over a majority of three industrial-strength benchmarks, namely Kaluza, PISA, and IBM AppScan. Z3str3 supports string equations,…