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Related papers: Japanese Lexical Complexity for Non-Native Readers…

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Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on legal benchmarks, including multiple-choice components of bar exams. However, their capacity for generating open-ended legal reasoning in realistic scenarios remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jungmin Choi , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Hiroaki Yamada

We examine a methodology using neural language models (LMs) for analyzing the word order of language. This LM-based method has the potential to overcome the difficulties existing methods face, such as the propagation of preprocessor errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Takumi Ito , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

Lexical relations describe how concepts are semantically related, in the form of relation triples. The accurate prediction of lexical relations between concepts is challenging, due to the sparsity of patterns indicating the existence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Chengyu Wang , Minghui Qiu , Jun Huang , Xiaofeng He

Latent tree learning models learn to parse a sentence without syntactic supervision, and use that parse to build the sentence representation. Existing work on such models has shown that, while they perform well on tasks like sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Nikita Nangia , Samuel R. Bowman

The problem of accurately predicting relative reading difficulty across a set of sentences arises in a number of important natural language applications, such as finding and curating effective usage examples for intelligent language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-26 Elliot Schumacher , Maxine Eskenazi , Gwen Frishkoff , Kevyn Collins-Thompson

The question of how to probe contextual word representations for linguistic structure in a way that is both principled and useful has seen significant attention recently in the NLP literature. In our contribution to this discussion, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tiago Pimentel , Naomi Saphra , Adina Williams , Ryan Cotterell

Lexical gaps are words that do not exist in certain languages. They pose challenges for building multilingual lexical resources, for machine translation, and for cross-lingual transfer. Existing lexical gap detection relies on human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yoonwon Jung , Aaron S. Cohen , Benjamin K. Bergen

We introduce JP-TL-Bench, a lightweight, open benchmark designed to guide the iterative development of Japanese-English translation systems. In this context, the challenge is often "which of these two good translations is better?" rather…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Leonard Lin , Adam Lensenmayer

This paper analyses the contribution of language metrics and, potentially, of linguistic structures, to classify French learners of English according to levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFRL). The purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Taylor Arnold , Nicolas Ballier , Thomas Gaillat , Paula Lissòn

As LLMs evolve, significant effort is spent on manually crafting prompts. While existing prompt optimization methods automate this process, they rely solely on learning from incorrect samples, leading to a sub-optimal performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Mingqi Li , Karan Aggarwal , Yong Xie , Aitzaz Ahmad , Stephen Lau

Lexical analysis is believed to be a crucial step towards natural language understanding and has been widely studied. Recent years, end-to-end lexical analysis models with recurrent neural networks have gained increasing attention. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Zhenyu Jiao , Shuqi Sun , Ke Sun

Instruction tuning is essential for large language models (LLMs) to become interactive. While many instruction tuning datasets exist in English, there is a noticeable lack in other languages. Also, their effectiveness has not been well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Masahiro Suzuki , Masanori Hirano , Hiroki Sakaji

Pre-trained language models (LMs) encode rich information about linguistic structure but their knowledge about lexical polysemy remains unclear. We propose a novel experimental setup for analysing this knowledge in LMs specifically trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Aina Garí Soler , Marianna Apidianaki

The computational study of lexical semantic change (LSC) has taken off in the past few years and we are seeing increasing interest in the field, from both computational sciences and linguistics. Most of the research so far has focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Simon Hengchen , Nina Tahmasebi , Dominik Schlechtweg , Haim Dubossarsky

Proper identification of grade levels of children's reading materials is an important step towards effective learning. Recent studies in readability assessment for the English domain applied modern approaches in natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Joseph Marvin Imperial , Ethel Ong

We define {\em semantic complexity} using a new concept of {\em meaning automata}. We measure the semantic complexity of understanding of prepositional phrases, of an "in depth understanding system", and of a natural language interface to…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Wlodek Zadrozny

Contextualized representations give significantly improved results for a wide range of NLP tasks. Much work has been dedicated to analyzing the features captured by representative models such as BERT. Existing work finds that syntactic,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Yile Wang , Leyang Cui , Yue Zhang

This study explores the potential of fine-tuning foundational English Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating Polish text. The first step involves Language Adaptive Pre-training (LAPT) on a high-quality dataset of 3.11 GB, consisting of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Szymon Ruciński

Practicing conversations with large language models (LLMs) presents a promising alternative to traditional in-person language learning. However, most LLMs generate text at a near-native level of complexity, making them ill-suited for first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Meiqing Jin , Liam Dugan , Chris Callison-Burch

Lexical ambiguity is widespread in language, allowing for the reuse of economical word forms and therefore making language more efficient. If ambiguous words cannot be disambiguated from context, however, this gain in efficiency might make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Tiago Pimentel , Rowan Hall Maudslay , Damián Blasi , Ryan Cotterell